Gangs And Gang Behavior Midterm

Front 1

What 3 factors contributed to gangs in NY?

Back 1

-- Social Disorganization in Slums

-- Establishment of greengrocery stores (front for alcohol sales)

-- involvement of politicians

Front 2

1940/50's Black street gangs.

Back 2

-- Devil's Disciples

-- P-Stones

-- Vice Lords

Front 3

1970's Latino gang alliances

Back 3

-- People Nation

-- Folk Nation

Front 4

2 Factors that promoted establishment of gangs in LA

Back 4

-- Physical & cultural marginalization

-- Isolation & stimatization

Front 5

Define Marginalization

Back 5

Social process of being made marginal. Relegating or confining to outer limits of society.

Front 6

Development of Mexican gangs in LA was different from NY & Chicago because:

Back 6

-- Mexican gangs in NY & Chicago developed as a result of conflicts w/ other racial/ethnic groups

-- Mexican gangs in LA developed from their own ethnic history

-- Mexican gangs in LA was not the result of social disorganization

Front 7

Who was the founder of the Crips?

Back 7

Raymond Washington

Front 8

Formation of black gangs in NY was a result of:

Back 8

persistent white violence directed at the Black community

Front 9

Factors that contributed to continued Mexican gang growth.

Back 9

-- Vietnam War

-- War on Poverty

-- Chicano Movement of the 1960s & 70s

Front 10

Number of gang members & gangs in the U.S.

Back 10

-- 1.4M Members

-- 33K Gangs

Front 11

Name of gangs considered to be transnational gangs.

Back 11

-- 18th Street Gang

-- MS-13

Front 12

Characteristics of a transnational gang.

Back 12

-- Criminally active in more than one country

-- Criminal activities by members in one country are controlled by leadership from another

-- Mobile & Adaptive

-- Sophisticated criminal activities

-- Involved in human trafficking

Front 13

Why do Vietnamese gangs receive so much attention?

Back 13

-- Nonterritorial style

-- Avoidance of monikers (names)

-- Fluid leadership

Front 14

Predominant Asian gangs originating countries for gangs in the U.S..

Back 14

-- Philippines

-- Cambodia

-- Thailand

-- Vietnam

Front 15

What factors contributed to the late emergence of gangs in the South?

Back 15

-- No central large city that could provide a springboard for gang growth.

-- Early immigrant groups were dispersed across the area.

Front 16

In the last decade, which major Southern city has emerged as a gang center?

Back 16

Houston

Front 17

Percentage of gang increases in the South?

Back 17

32%

Front 18

Spergel's definition of a gang.

Back 18

Juveniles & young adults associating together for serious, especially violent, criminal behavior with a special concern for turf.

Front 19

Which of the following statements define a gang?

Back 19

Answer: An organization of young people (between teens and early 20s) with a name, territory, regular meetings, and recognized leadership.

Front 20

Criteria used to ID a street gang.

Back 20

-- Name or identifiable leadership

-- Maintains a geographic or economic turf

-- Meets on a continuous basis

-- Engages in criminal activity

Front 21

Police definition of a gang?

Back 21

A group of individuals, juvenile or adult, who associate on a continuous basis, form an allegiance for a common purpose, and are involved in delinquent or criminal activity.

Front 22

Define: Predatory Gang

Back 22

Most serious type of gang.

Serious offenders engaging in violent crimes such as robbery. Members are actively involved in the use & distribution of drugs.

Front 23

Define: Hedonistic Gang

Back 23

Involved in use of drugs with little interest in delinquency. Almost never commit acts of violence. Mostly partying and minor violations of the law.

Front 24

Define: Scavenger Gang

Back 24

Loosely organized; "urban survivors"

Prey on weak in inner cities, engage in petty crime. Members are low achievers, often illiterate, poor school performance, no goals, no greater bond than impulsiveness and a need to belong.

Front 25

Define: Drug Gang

Back 25

Smaller than other gangs, much more cohesive, focused on the drug business and have strong centralized leadership.

Front 26

Where in TX Penal Code is a gang defined?

Back 26

Sec. 71.02

Front 27

Which two organizations exaggerate the seriousness of gangs?

Back 27

-- Broadcast Media

-- Gangs

Front 28

How many years has misrepresentation of gangs been documented?

Back 28

40 years

Front 29

Most Common Gang Myths

Back 29

-- Characterized by media as having hierarchical structure with established leaders & rules

-- Pervasiveness of violence is exaggerated

Front 30

Big gang theory is based on what issue?

Back 30

The belief that gangs were becoming huge, powerful criminal organizations much like high structured organization.

Front 31

Predominant myth on gang migration

Back 31

That gangs move to an area to establish drug trafficking operations or other forms of economic crimes.

Front 32

Why does gang migration actually occur?

Back 32

Most youth gang problems originate in the local community.

Gang members migrate as a result of family movement. When families relocate their children who may be involved in a gang.

Front 33

Define: Gang Migration

Back 33

Movement of gang members from one location to another.

Front 34

Which agency determined that very few gangs have the capacity to expand?

Back 34

National Allegiance of Gang Investigators (NAGI)

Front 35

Who controls drug trafficking?

Back 35

Adult drug cartels or syndicates.

Front 36

Who conducted gang initiation research?

Back 36

Vigil (2004)

Front 37

What percentage of members remain in a gang for one year or less?

Back 37

70%

Front 38

What percentage of members remain in a gang for 4-5 years?

Back 38

2%

Front 39

Percentage of cities with a population lower than 25K with a reported gang problem?

Back 39

10%

Front 40

What is the effect of Zero Tolerance policies at school?

Back 40

-- Increase in delinquency at schools because of more severe sanctions

-- Suspension/expulsions remove the student from adult supervision.

-- Delinquency involvement can increase gang membership

-- Teenagers who experience the juvenile justice system are more likely to join a gang

Front 41

The most successful policies are comprehensive and include the three following:

Back 41

-- Prevention

-- Intervention

-- Suppression

Front 42

What are the common reasons for joining a gang?

Back 42

-- Search for love, structure, and discipline

-- Sense of belonging

-- Need for recognition & power

-- Companionship, training, excitement, activities

-- Sense of self-worth

-- Place of acceptance

-- Physical safety

-- Family tradition

Front 43

Where in the Federal law is the definition for gangs?

Back 43

18 USC Sec. 521a

Front 44

How many states list crimes to be recognized as a gang?

Back 44

18

Front 45

What are the criterion used to classify gangs?

Back 45

-- Level of member involvement

-- Group function

-- Drug involvement

-- Cultural development

-- Gang purpose

Front 46

What percentage of gangs are adult?

Back 46

60%

Front 47

What percentage of gang members are hispanic?

Back 47

50%

Front 48

What percentage of gangs have female members?

Back 48

83%

Front 49

Why do we develop theories on gang development?

Back 49

-- To address the associate between gang existence and environmental condition

-- Provide an explanation of gang activity and gang-related crime

Front 50

Which theory indicates that people get involved with gangs because of free will & utilitarianism?

Back 50

Rational Choice Theory

Front 51

Which gang theory is the most dominant?

Back 51

Social Disorganization Theory

Front 52

What are Murton's five modes of adaptation and their definitions?

Back 52

-- Conformity- When an individual embraces conventional social goals and have the means to obtain them

-- Innovation- Individuals accept the goals of society, but reject or are incapable of obtaining them legitimately

-- Ritualism- Gain pleasure from practicing traditional ceremonies regardless of whether they have a purpose or goal

-- Retreatism- Rejection of goals and means

-- Rebellion- Alternative set of goals and means

Front 53

Which of the modes is most likely to commit crime?

Back 53

The Innovator

Front 54

What are Sykes & Matza's five techniques and definitions?

Back 54

-- Denial of responsibility

-- Denial of injury

-- Denial of victim

-- Condemning the condemners-- claim victims are corrupt or responsible for their victimization

-- Appeal to higher loyalties-- claim the crime was done to defend gang/family/neighborhood

Front 55

Routine Activities Theory

Back 55

Targets, Lack of Guardians, Motivated Offenders, Time

Front 56

Which theory is a theory of opportunity?

Back 56

Routine Activities Theory

Front 57

According to containment theory, why does criminal behavior occur?

Back 57

Internal and external containment

Front 58

Name of theory by Edwin Sutherland

Back 58

Differential-Association Theory

Front 59

Which theory suggests that criminality is learned?

Back 59

Differential-Association Theory