Gall Bladder And Pancreas

Front 1

Gall bladder function

Back 1

i. Serves a reservoir for bile produced by liver
ii. Concentrates bile by extraction of water
iii. Bile emulsifies lipids
iv. Bile can serve as avenue for excretory waste products

Front 2

Location of gall bladder

Back 2

i. Lies in gall bladder fossa located on visceral surface of liver between right and quadrate lobes
ii. Projects form inferior border of liver and is located at tip of right 9th costal cartilage in midclavicular linecontacts visceral surface of liver, transverse colon, and superior duodenum

Front 3

Fundus of gb

Back 3

1. Expanded, blind, anterior and inferior end of gall bladder
2. Covered in peritoneum
3. Contacts anterior abdominal wall inferior to tip of 9th costal cartilage

Front 4

Body of gb

Back 4

1. Directed superiorly, posteriorly and to the left
2. Lies anterior to 1st part of duodenum

Front 5

Neck of gb

Back 5

1. Narrow, tapered portion directed toward porta hepatis
2. Mucosa of this portion forms spiral valve, which keeps lumen patent
3. Joins with cystic duct

Front 6

Cystic duct

Back 6

a. Connects neck of gall bladder to common hepatic duct
b. Mucosa has spiral fold continuous with that of neck of gall bladder

Front 7

Common hepatic duct

Back 7

a. Formed by joining of right and left hepatic ducts

Front 8

Bile duct

Back 8

a. Formed by uniting of common hepatic duct to cystic duct at an acute angle

Front 9

Cystic duct+common hepatic duct

Back 9

i. Immediately below porta hepatis
ii. Forms bile duct

Front 10

Bile duct course

Back 10

i. Descends in free border of lesser omentum on right of proper hepatic artery
ii. Anterior to portal vein
iii. Posterior to duodenum
iv. Crosses posterior surface of head of pancreas, becoming embedded in pancreas
v. All anterior to IVC

Front 11

Bile duct+main pancreatic duct

Back 11

i. Pass together through posteromedial wall of 2nd part of duodenum

Front 12

Cystohepatic triangle

Back 12

a. Formed by cystic duct, common hepatic duct, and liver
b. Normally contains right hepatic artery and cystic artery
c. May contain aberrant or accessory bile dcuts

Front 13

Cystic artery gb

Back 13

1. Typically arises form right hepatic artery in cystohepatic triangle

Front 14

Venous drainage of gb

Back 14

1. Drained by small veins
2. Empty directly into liver by cystic veins that empty into the portal vein or tributaries

Front 15

Pancreas function

Back 15

i. Accessory digestive gland
ii. Exocrine and endocrine

Front 16

Exocrine pancreas

Back 16

i. Empties into duodenum through main and accessory pancreatic ducts

Front 17

Endocrine pancreas

Back 17

i. Released into blood

Front 18

Location of pancreas

Back 18

i. Retroperitoneal
ii. Lies transversely across L1, L2, L3 (right) to hilum of spleen (left)

Front 19

Pancreas head

Back 19

1. Expanded part of pancreas
2. Lies in C-shaped curve of duodenum

Front 20

Uncinate process of pancreas

Back 20

1. Hook-like extension from lower left part of head that lies posterior to superior mesenteric vessels

Front 21

Neck of pancreas

Back 21

1. Constricted portion
2. Continuous with upper left portion of head
3. Lies anterior to superior mesenteric vessels

Front 22

Body of pancreas

Back 22

1. Anterior to L2
2. Forms part of bed of stomach

Front 23

Tail of pancreas

Back 23

1. Left part of gland
2. Enters splenorenal ligament
3. Frequently makes contact with hilum of spleen
4. Anterior to left kidney

Front 24

Location of main pancreatic duct

Back 24

a. Runs length of pancreas
b. Courses left to right midway between the superior and inferior borders of pancreas
c. Runs close to bile duct
i. Passes obliquely through wall of duodenum
ii. Ends in major duodenal papilla

Front 25

Hepatopancreatic papilla

Back 25

1. Dilation of lumen of combined ducts within the major duodenal papilla
2. Common location for gallstones

Front 26

Sphincter of bile duct

Back 26

1. Funnel-shaped muscular sheath
2. Surrounds bile duct just proximal to its passage through the duodenal wall
3. Extends confluence with pancreatic duct

Front 27

Sphincter of pancreatic duct

Back 27

1. Variably present
2. Surrounds terminal part of main pancreatic duct

Front 28

Hepatopancreatic sphincter (of Oddi)

Back 28

1. Encloses and constricts the ampulla
2. Regulates whether bile goes back into the duodenum or back into gall bladder

Front 29

Accessory pancreatic duct

Back 29

i. Variable
ii. Drains the anterior superior part of pancreatic head and opens onto minor dudoenal papillae

Front 30

Pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Back 30

1. Superior pancreaticoduodenal (anterior and posterior)→ gastroduodenal artery
2. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (anterior and posterior)→ SMA

Front 31

Dorsal pancreatic artery

Back 31

1. Arises from proximal part of splenic artery
2. Descends posterior to neck of pancreas
3. Divides near its inferior end into right and left branches

Front 32

Great pancreatic artery

Back 32

1. Largest of several superior pancreatic branches form splenic artery

Front 33

Venous drainage of pancreas

Back 33

i. Numerous veins drain pancreas into either splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, or portal vein

Front 34

Transpyloric plane

Back 34

a. L1 (end of spinal cord)
b. 9th costal cartilage
c. Pylorus of stomach
d. Neck of pancreas
e. Origin of portal vein and SMA
f. Hila of kidneys
g. 2nd part of duodenum and sphincter of Oddi
h. Fundus of gall bladder
i. Duodenojejunal flexure