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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 species of Candida most common in human disease |
Candida Albicans Candida parapsilosas Candida Glabrata Candida Kruusei |
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Predisposing factors of candida overgrowth |
diabetes cancer neutropenia corticosteroids |
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Commensalism |
one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped |
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Virulence factors of Candida |
*Adherence *dimorphism *proteinases *phospholipases *phenotypic switching |
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Pityriasis Versicolor |
-multiple pale brown, hyperpigmented patches on chest and shoulders -cosmetic complaint - looks like spachetti and meatballs under KOH - coral red flourescence forms as bi product of organism metabolism (woods lamp) - superficial -scaly lesions - found in sweaty regions |
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Tinea nigra |
-brown/black macular lesions usually on hands or feet - may resemble melanoma
-treat with salicylic acid - benzoic acid (whitfields ointment) - superficial |
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Black Peidra, white piedra |
-Infection of external hair shaft forming black nodules concretion (Piedraia hortae) or white nodules (Trichosporon beigelli) white will break off but black will not Found in tropical climates
-treatment: antifungal shampoo |
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Dermatophytoses, tineas, ringworms |
cutaneous -inflammatory response - metabolize keratin |
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Main types of fungi causing fungal infections |
Trichophyton Epidermophyton Microsporum |
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Tinea corporis |
ringworm of trunk and legs
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Tinea imbricata |
concentric rings of scales over trunk, legs, forearms |
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Tinea pedis |
athletes foot scaling between toes, lateral side of the foot Mocassin pattern
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Tinea cruris |
-rash, scaling, inner thigh - jock itch
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Tinea capitis |
-Microsporum canis -often associated with dogs -scalp ringworm |
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Ectothrix- |
conidia outside of hair shaft |
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Endothrix- |
conidia inside hair shaft, hair loss scaling and inflammation of scalp. confused with dandruff |
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Tinea barbera |
infection of hair and skin around bearded areas of face and neck |
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Tinea unguium |
fungal infection of the nails causes thickening, fissuring, colorization |
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Chromoblastomycosis |
-wart like ccauliflower, pigmented lesions of the foot - traumatic inoculation in bare foot workers - tropical disease - soil organisms may take years to develope |
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Sporotrichosis |
- rose thorn disease - ulcerative papule, spreads via draining lymph channels, nodular granulomas, chronic
Sporothrix schenckii (most common group in US) |
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Mycetoma |
madura foot - infection via thorns and splinters - small painless papules and nodules - sinus tract formation leads to spread - bone destruction
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Adherence in Candida |
mucosal colonization species and strains are different stronger cell adherence stronger virulence adhere to medical devices and contact lenses |
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Dimporhism |
formation of pseudohyphae true hyphae are invasive factors |
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Proteinases |
allow bacteria to bind to enzyme substrate rxn |
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Phospholipases |
candida loves fatty acids breeak down phospholipids into ketones and aldehydes and produces smell |
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Phenotype switching |
evasion of neutrophil killing antifungal resisitance |
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Summarize the role of candida in normal GI flora |
keep other bacteria in check found in 1000% of people found in 75% of skin |
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What is important about vaginal candiasis |
-caused by change in vaginal bacterial flora, Ph Differentiate between bacteria and protozoan Gardnerella vagininalis Trichomonas vaginalis |
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Describe the 5 most common clinical manifestations of cutaneous candiasis |
Folliculitis- inflammation of hair follice Balanitis- swelling of head of penis typically in uncircumsized people Intertrigo- in skin folds where there is sweat and moisture Paronchyia/ onchomycosis- nail bed or nail infection general cutaneous candida- unable to penetrate intact skin; diaper rash, pruritic rash, vesicular or pustular
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Thermodimorphism |
changing form with changing temperature reproduce by budding multicellular filaments called hyphae form dense mats of pseudohyphae |
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Mycelium |
dense mats of hyphae |
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Pseudohyphae |
bacteria that have not fully broken off to form new fungi |
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Describe KOH test |
--> take skin scraping --> put on slide --> 10-30 percent KOH -->cover slip and gently warm --> digest eukaryotic material leaving yeast cells intact --> put on background stain --> white clear smears |
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Selective toxicity |
-ability of chemical or drug to kill a microorganism without harming its host - since candida are native to body selective toxicity decreases --> treatment toxicity increase- increases harm to patient |
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Predisposing factors to dermatophyte infection |
HIV diabetes exposure to infected people, animals, soil hats, combs, hairbrushes, upholstery recurrent trauma to skin |
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Germ tube test |
after you have performed KOH put candida in calf serum 37 degrees -positive will look like long elongation (not segmented- dimorphism that occurs in yeast when cell comes in contact with appropriate nutrition and temp |
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Oral thrush |
INfant- 1st exposure because of underdeveloped immune system -often aquired while breast feeding, infected nipple Adolescent- cottage cheese patches, pseudomembraneous Geriatric- dentures, gums palate |
