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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Polymerization is a process that __________________.
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Creates many bonds between them.
Often involves the removal of a water molecule. Links the sugar of one nucleotide with the phosphate of the next. Requires a condensation of dehydration reaction. |
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Disaccharides can differ from each other in all of the following ways except _________.
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In the number of their monosaccharides.
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Plants store most of their energy for later use as _________.
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Starch.
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What happens when a protein denatures?
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Its secondary and tertiary structures are disrupted.
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The Alpha proteins is __________?
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Stabilized by hydrogen bonds commonly found in fibrous proteins.
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A fatty acid that has the formula C16,H32,O2 is ______?
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Saturated.
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B pleated sheets are characterized by ____________.
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Folds stabilized by hydrogen bonds between segments of the polypeptide backbone.
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Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because ___________?
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Its rumin contains prokaryotes that can hydrolyze the bonds of cellulose.
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What determines the sequence of the amino acids in a particular protein?
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The sequence of nucleotides in RNA, which has determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the gene for that protein.
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Sucrose is mae from joining a glucose and a fructose molecule in a dehydration reaction. What is the molecular formula for this disaccharide?
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C12,H22,O11
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How are the nucleotide monomers connected to form a polynucleotide __________?
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Covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and th phosphate of the next.
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Which is the most hydrophobic molecule?
Chitin Glucose Cholesterol Nucleotide Amino Acid |
Cholesterol
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Hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic interactions would be imnportant for which of the following types of molecules?
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Proteins
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Many functions of a protein are ___________?
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Signals and receptors
Enzymatic catalyst for Metabolic reactions Contractile components of muscle |
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What are Trans Fats?
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Trans fats are fats that contain a (Trans Double) bond and may contribute to athersclerosis.
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Why would a change in PH cause a protein to Denature?
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A change in PH alters the availability of H+, OH-, or other ions, thereby disrupting the hydrogen bonding of ionic bonds that maintain protein shape.
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Polynucleotides are polymers of ______________?
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Nucleotides
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Chainlike molecules that are formed from the linking together of many similiar or small molecules.
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Polymers
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The repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer is called an___________.
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Monomers
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Monomers are connected by a reaction in which two molecues are covalently bonded to each other through a loss of a water molecule, this is known as ____________.
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Dehydration reaction or Condensation reaction
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The dehydration process is facilitated by ___________ which are specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells.
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Enzymes
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Polymers are broken down to monomers by a process that is essentially the reverse of hydration reaction, this process is called _________?
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Hydrolysis
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What are the four main classes of large biological molecules?
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Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic acids
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When bonds between the monomers are broken by the addition of water molecules, with a hydrogen from the water attaching to one monomer and a hydroxyl group attaching to the adjacent monomer is called _____.
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Hydrolysis
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Double sugars consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond are called ______.
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Disaccharides
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The simplest carbohydrates are _______________?
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Monosacchrides.
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Includes both sugars and polymers of sugars?
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Carbohydrates
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The most common monosaccharide C6,H12,O6
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Glucose
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Glucose is an Aldose or an Ketose?
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Aldose
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Fructose is an Aldose or and Ketose?
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Ketose
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Plants store _______ which is an polymer of glucose.
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Starch
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Animals store ____________ which is an polymer of glucose.
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Glycogen
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A polysaccharide called _______ is a major component of the tough walls that enclose plant cells.
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Cellulose
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One class of large biological molecules that does not include true polymers, and they are generally not big enough to be considered macromolecules.
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Lipids
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A fat is constructed from two kinds of smaller molecules,_____ and _____.
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Glycerol and fatty acids.
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