Functional Neuroanatomy Exam 1

Front 1

Central Nervous System functions

Back 1

processes, interprets, sotres information, issues orders to muscles, glands, organs

Front 2

Peripheral Nervous System functions

Back 2

transmits information to and from the central nervous system

Front 3

Parts of the CNS

Back 3

Brain & Spinal cord

Front 4

Spinal cord

Back 4

bridge between brain and peripheral nerves

Front 5

Parts of the PNS

Back 5

Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

Front 6

Somatic Nervous System function

Back 6

controls skeletal muscles

Front 7

Autonomic Nervous System functions

Back 7

regulates glands, blood vessels, internal organs

Front 8

Parts of the ANS

Back 8

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems

Front 9

Sympathetic Nervous system fctn

Back 9

mobilized body for action, energy output. FIGHT FLIGHT FREEZE

Front 10

Parasympathetic Nervous System fctns

Back 10

conserves energy, maintains quiet state. REST AND DIGEST

Front 11

Involuntary nervous system?

Back 11

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) REST AND DIGEST

Front 12

Voluntary nervous system?

Back 12

Sympathetic nervous system. FIGHT FLIGHT OR FREEZE

Front 13

LABEL

Back 13

Front 14

two terms per block

Back 14

Front 15

Back 15

Front 16

Layers surrounding the brain (outer to inner)

Back 16

Dura mater

Subdural space

Arachnoid membrane

Subarachnoid space

Pia mater

Arteries

Brain

Front 17

Corpus callosum

Back 17

highly fibrous, myelinated bundle for neural fibers at longitudinal fissure. connects left and right hemispheres

Front 18

Primary function of grey matter

Back 18

processing and cognition

Front 19

Primary function of white matter

Back 19

modulates the distribution of action potentials, act as relay, coordinates communication between different brain regions

Front 20

Procedure of cutting the corpus callosum to reduce seizures

Back 20

callostomy

Front 21

Three major parts of the brain

Back 21

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

Front 22

Animal term for forebrain

Back 22

proencephalon

Front 23

Animal term for Midbrain

Back 23

mesencephalon

Front 24

Animal term for hindbrain

Back 24

rhombencephalon

Front 25

Parts of forebrain

Back 25

Telencephalon (end brain), rhinencephalon, diencephalon (interbrain)

Front 26

subsection of telencephalon (end brain)

Back 26

cerebral cortex

Front 27

subsection of rhinencephalon

Back 27

limbic system

Front 28

subsection of diencephalon (inter brain)

Back 28

thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia

Front 29

Midbrain -- > ? --> ?

Back 29

Midbrain -- > Mesencephanlon -- > midbrain

Front 30

Parts of Hindbrain

Back 30

Metencephalon (after brain)

Myelencephalon (narrow brain)

Front 31

subsection of metencephalon (after brain)

Back 31

Pons

cerebellum

Front 32

subsection of myelencephalon (narrow brain)

Back 32

medulla oblongata

Front 33

Back 33

Front 34

Subsections of midbrain in embryo

Back 34

Tectum (roof)

Tegmentum (floor)

Front 35

Medulla Oblongata

3 main functions

Back 35

Respiratory

Vomiting

Vasomotor - Autonomic (involuntary)

-breathing

-heart rate

-blood pressure

Front 36

Pneumotaxic center

Back 36

nucleus within the PONS. regulates change from inhalation to exhalation

Front 37

Locus Coeruleus

Back 37

Nucleus in the PONS. Physiological responses to stress & panic.

-principal site of synthesis of norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Front 38

List four primary functions of the PONS

Back 38

Sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, facial sensation, posture

Front 39

Primary purpose of the PONS

Back 39

relays signals from forebrain to cerebellum

Front 40

Neuroanatomy related to SIDS?

Back 40

medulla and pneumoataxis center in the pons (inability to detect accumulations of CO2 in bloodstream)

Front 41

Cerebellum "little brain" primary functions

Back 41

1. MOTOR CONTROL

2. attention and language, regulating fear & pleasure responses

3. Does NOT initiate movement. Contributes to coordination, precision, & accurate timing of movement

4. Fine tunes motor activity

Front 42

Damage to the cerebellum may cause what types of problems?

Back 42

Disorders of:

-fine movement

-equilibrium

-posture

-motor learning

Front 43

Primary purposes of the MIDBRAIN

Back 43

Vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal, and temperature regulation

Front 44

Superior Colliculi (function, part of _____, which is part of _______?)

Back 44

Main visual info processing area. Controls eye movements. Part of TECTUM which is part of the the MIDBRAIN

Front 45

Inferior Colliculi (function, part of _____, which is part of _______?)

Back 45

Main auditory information processing area. Part of the TECTUM which is part of the MIDBRAIN

Front 46

Three parts of the Tegmentum

Back 46

Red Nucleus - controls basic body/limb movements

Reticular Formation - controls arousal and consciousness

Substantia Nigra - integrates voluntary movements; reward & addiction

Front 47

Four parts of the Limbic System

Back 47

Hypothalamus

Thalamus

Amygdala

Hippocampus

Front 48

Thalamus

Back 48

"switchboard" of information

RELAY between subcortical areas and the cortex

ALL SENSORY SYSTEMS (except olfactory) go through a thalamic nucleus before being sent to the associated cortical area

Front 49

Pathway of visual information

Back 49

Stimulus -> Retina -> lateral geniculate nucleus in THALAMUS -> visual cortex in occipital lobe

Front 50

Spinothalamic tract

Back 50

Sensory pathway originating in the spine. Transmits info to thalamus about pain, temp, itch and crude touch

Front 51

Damage to thalamus can lead to? (What major role does it play?)

Back 51

Can lead to permanent coma. Major role in arousal.

Front 52

Hypothalamus connects to ? via ?

Back 52

Connects to endocrine system via pituitary gland

Front 53

Hypothalamus controls

Back 53

Body temp

Hunger

Parenting/attachment bx

Thirst/fatigue/sleep

Circadian rhythms (SCN) -> suprachiasmatic nucleus

Front 54

Hypothalamus is sexually ______

Back 54

Dimorphic.

Contributes to males > females

Sexual preference based on endocrine exposure in vitro

Front 55

Back 55

Front 56

Amygdala

Back 56

Primary Role = FORMATION AND STORAGE OF EMOTIONAL MEMORIES

Reward

Implicated in social interaction, agg, fear, anx, alcoholism & binge drinking, PTSD

Front 57

Hemispheric Specialization of Amygdala

Left induces ?

Right induces ?

Back 57

Left = negative (fear/sadness)

Right = EITHER negative (fear/anx/sadness) or pleasant (happiness)

Front 58

Hippocampus = what animal?

Back 58

SEAHORSE!

Front 59

Hippocampus is located under what?

Back 59

Medial temporal lobe

Front 60

Hippocampus consolidates what to what?

Back 60

Short-term to long-term memory

Front 61

Formation of new cells

Back 61

Neurogenesis; in hippocampus

Front 62

Three functions of hippocampus

Back 62

Forms new memories

Consolidates short to long term memory

Novelty detection

Familiarity

Front 63

Hippocampus implicated in ______ memory and navigation

Back 63

spatial

Front 64

Cingulate cortex

Back 64

Emotion formation and processing

Learning and memory

CENTRAL NODE in DMN

Implicated in SZ & Depression

Front 65

Cingulate cortex is neural substrate for _________ _______________

Back 65

Human awareness

Front 66

____ involved in error and conflict detection processes

Back 66

ACC - anterior cingulate cortex

Front 67

Basal Ganglia

Back 67

Primary fctn: control of voluntary motor mvmt

--ACTION SELECTION

Procedural learning (reward system)

Routine bx/habits

Eye movements

Cognition & emotion

Front 68

Abnormalities with this brain part associated with Tourtte's syndrome, OCD, and movement disorders?

Back 68

Basal ganglia

Front 69

Three pieces of the Basal Ganglia

Back 69

Striatum (caudate nucleus + putamen)

Globus Pallidum

Nucleus accumbens

(Some also consider substantia nigra)

Front 70

Back 70

Front 71

Back 71