Functional Assessment (Visible Gait)

Front 1

Base (step) width

Back 1

Distance between the 2 ft (normal 5-10cm)

Wider base - suspect pathology that results in Poor blance

With increase speed base decreases to 0 and might even cross over

Front 2

Step length

Back 2

Distance btwn contact points on opposite fees (~72cm)

Front 3

Stride length

Back 3

Linear distance in plan if progress between successive foot to floor contact of same foot (~144cm)

Decreases with age, pain and fatigue

Front 4

Cadence

Back 4

Total number of full cycles taken within given amount of time

Front 5

Lateral pelvic shift durning gait

Back 5

Side to side movement of pelvis durning gait

Normal 2-5cm

Increases if feet are further apart

Front 6

Vertical pelvic shift of gait

Back 6

Keep COG from moving up and down more than 5cm during gait

High point: mid stance

Low point: inital contact

Front 7

Stride length

Back 7

Linear distance between successive foot to floor contact of same foot (144cm)

Front 8

Pelvic rotation

Back 8

Lessen angle of femur with the floor and therefore lengthens femur

Front 9

3 reasons for Abnormal gait

Back 9

1. Pathology or 8njury of specific join/structure

2. Compensation for injury or pathology in other joint or structure

3. Compensation for 8njury or pathology in opposite limb

Front 10

Antalgic gait

Back 10

"normal" limp (painful gait)

Self protection

Front 11

Arthrogenic gait

Back 11

Stiff hip or knee

Results from stiffness, laxity or deformity

May be painful may not be

Pelvis must be elevated by exaggerate plantar flexion if opposite ankle and circumduction of stiff leg

Front 12

Ataxic gait

Back 12

Poor sensation it lack of muscle coordination

Tendency towards poor balance and broad base

Gait all is irregular, jerky, weaving

E.g. cerebellar ataxia and sensory ataxia

Front 13

Cerebellar ataxia

Back 13

Lurch or stagger gait (all movements exaggerated)

Front 14

Sensory ataxia

Back 14

Feet slap the ground, patient watches feet while walking

Front 15

Contracture gait

Back 15

Occur if immobilization has been prolonged or pathology of joint/structure has not been properly taken care of

Hip flexor, knee flexor or plantar flexion contracture

Front 16

Hip flexion contracture gait

Back 16

Increase lordosis, extension of trunk combined with knee flexion to get foot off the ground

Front 17

Knee flexion contracture

Back 17

Excessive ankle dorsiflexion from late swing to early stance in uninvolved leg

Early heel raise in terminal stance on involve stide

Front 18

Plantar flexion contracture gait

Back 18

Knee hyperextension in mid stance on affected leg, forward bending of trunk in mid stance to terminal stance of affected side

Front 19

Equinus gait

Back 19

Toe waking

Weight bearing Primarily on lateral edge of foot.

WB on injuried foot decreased.

Pelvis and femur are laterally rotates to compensate for foot medial rotation

Front 20

Gluteus maximus gait

Back 20

Patient thrust posteriorly at heel strike to main hip extension of stance let

Gait invokes backward lurch of trunk

Present when gluteus maximus is weak

Front 21

Trendelenburg gait

Back 21

Aka gluteus medius gait (due to weakness)

Excessive lateral pelvic list

"Chorus girl swing"

Positive Trendelenburg sign

Remember the "sound side sags"

Front 22

Trendelenburg sign

Back 22

Contralateral pelvis drops due to ispilateral abductors not able able to stabilize or prevent drop

Front 23

Parkinsonian gait

Back 23

Neck, trunk and knee flex

CHaracterized by shuffling or short rapid steps

Arms stiff

Durning gait patents leans forward and walks progressively faster

Front 24

Plantar flexor gait

Back 24

Plantar flexor unable to function

- lack of LL jt. Stability

- decreased/absent push off

- stance phase decreased

- shorter step length on unaffected side

Front 25

Psoatic limp

Back 25

-paitents with hip pathologies

- weak reflex inhibition of psoas major

- difficulty in swing through

- may have exaggerated trunk/pelvic movement

,

- hip external rotation, flexion and adduction

Front 26

Quadriceps avoidance gait

Back 26

- Severe injury to quad (compensate with trunk and LL)

- Forward flexion if trunk and strong ankle plantar flexion cause knee to hypertension

Front 27

Scissor gait

Back 27

- Result of spastic paralysis of hip adductors

- Causes knees to draw together to leg swing with great effort

Front 28

Short leg gait

Back 28

Result of one leg shorter than the other

-lateral shift to affected side (limp)

- supination of foot on affected side

- joints on unaffected side may demestrate exaggerat d flexion

Front 29

Steppage gait

Back 29

Aka Drop foot

- weka or paralyzed dorsiflexion mucles

- knee lifted higher.

- at initial contract foot slaps ground (drop foot)