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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Varus |
Bowed knee E.g. cowboy knees |
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Valgus knees |
Goalie knees |
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Pes planus |
Flat foot |
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Pes cavus |
High arch feet |
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Two phases if gait cycle |
Stance Swing |
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Stance phase |
60% of the time Five stages 1. Initial contact (heel strike) 2. Load response (foot flat) 3. Midstance (single leg stance) 4. terminal stance (heel off) 5. Pre-swing (toe off) |
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Inital contact (stance phase 1) |
One foot is absorbing shock and accepting body weight of initial contact (other foot is coming off the floor) Period if double leg support |
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Joint movements of inital contact |
Hip: 20-40° of flexion moving towards extension, slight addiction and external rotation Knee: full extension before contact, flexing as contact us made Foot/ankle: supination (inverted) at contact move into plantar flexion |
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Load response |
Foot comes in contact with floor |
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Stance 3 mid stance |
Period if single leg support Foot directly under body's weight (weight evenly distributed over foot) |
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Joint movements at mid stance |
Hip: moving through neutral position Pelvis rotating posteriorly Knee: 15 degrees flexion moving towards extension Foot: neutral (3° dorsiflexion) |
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Terminal stance |
Stance leg is unloading weight Period if double support |
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Pre swing |
Acceleration phase: body propelled forward Toe pushes leg forward (push off) and foot comes off the floor |
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Pre swing state joint movements |
Hip: moving towards 10 degrees extension; abduction and external rotation Knee: moving from near full extension to 40° flexion Foot/ankle: supination; 20 degrees plantar flexion |
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Swing phase allows for |
Toes of swing leg to clear floor Allows for leg length adjustments Allows leg to swing to advance forward |
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3 stages of swing phase |
1. Intial swing (acceleration) 2. Mid swing 3. Terminal swing (deceleration) |
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Inital swing |
Foot is lifted off ground Rapid knee flexion and ankles dorsiflexion allows for acceleratiob |
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Mid swing |
Occurs when seeing is adjacent to weight bearing leg Weight bearing leg is in mid stance |
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Terminal swing |
Declaration phase Swinging leg slows down in preparation for inital contact with ground Require active quads (knee extension) and hamstring (hip flexion) muscles |
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Knees durning gait |
Extend during inital contact Flexes slightly under load Extend durning mid stance |
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Hip durning gait |
Motion interdeoendent in pelvis Small changes in hip angle create large change in foot position Maximum extension if at least 0 degrees should occur in terminal stance |
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Pelivis |
Stable in all 3 plans (not motionless) |
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Foot durning inital contact |
Must be flexible to absorb shock in loading, provide stability durning mid stance, rigid during push off (level) |
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Mid stance foot |
Tibia progresses over foot Eccentric contraction if plantarflexors to control dorsiflexion |
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Terminal stance |
Concentric contacting of plantar flexors to push off (eccentric contraction if toe flexors to control tie extension and fibularis longus stabilize 1st ray |
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Muscle activity durning gait |
Greatest energy required at start and end of stance phase. Used to 1. Accelerate/decelerate 2 absorb shock 3. Stabilize body or its segments |
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Shock absorber/decelerators muscles |
1. Quads (durning start if stance phase, decelerate knee flexion) 2. Ankle dorsiflexirs (TA) decelerate foot durning intial contact (at peak for keep foot off the ground) and decelerates foot to ground absorbing shock 3. Hamstrings: knee decelerators durning swing and accelerator during early stance phase |
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Stabilizer durning walking |
1. Hip extensions and torsion muscle (transfer weight( 2. Gluteus maximus (stabilize spine) 3. Gluteus medius and minimus and TF (stabilize pelvis laterally on femur) 4. Erector spinae (balance head arms, truck on pelvis |
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Accelerators |
1. Posterior calf propels leg forward 2. Tibialis and fibularis provide blance and control durning weight bearing 3. foot and dorsiflexors hold foot off ground 4. Thigh accelerators increase hip flexion to keep leg off ground |
