Frst 210 Lab Final

Front 1

Back 1

Sciadopitys verticillata

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Sciadopitaceae
(umbrella pine)

Hint 1

-leaves slightly rubbery, 8-15cm long, in whorls of 10-15
-notched tip
-glossy dark green above, pale beneath, deeply grooved on both surfaces

Front 2

Back 2

Calocedrus decurrens

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Cupressaceae
(incense-cedar)

Hint 2

-scale-like, shiny dark green leaves, whorled in 4s

-seed cones 2-3cm, leathery, pendant

Front 3

Back 3

Cunninghamia lanceolata

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Cupressaceae
(Chinese-fir)

Hint 3

-leaves 4-6cm, lanceolate and sharp; flat, slightly curved, stiff, bright green and glossy above with prominent midvein
-globular cones 3-5cm; scales taper to rounded tip with small, hard, brown spine

Front 4

Back 4

Picea engelmannii

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae
(Englemann spruce)

Hint 4

-leaves spreading from all sides of twig, curving upwards to branch-tip; square in cross-section; lines of stomata on all 4 sides
-cones 3-7cm, cylindrical to narrowly ovoid, scales tapered, irregularly toothed

Front 5

Back 5

Abies grandis

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae
(Grand fir)

Hint 5

-leaves 20-35mm, shorter on upper side of twig; upper surface shiny dark green, lines of stomata on underside
-tip notched
-orange smell when crushed

Front 6

Back 6

Abies grandis

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae
(Grand fir)

Hint 6

-cones cylindrical to narrowly ovoid; scales wider than long
-bracts have pointed shoulders sloping inward to base of tip

Front 7

Back 7

Abies balsamea

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae
(Balsam fir)

Hint 7

-leaves 15-25mm with round/notched tip; upper surface shiny dark green, lines of stomata beneath
-leaves shorter on upper side of twig

Front 8

Back 8

Abies balsamea

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae
(Balsam fir)

Hint 8

-barrel shaped cones 4-10cm, grayish brown
-bracts with rounded shoulders and pointy tip

Front 9

Back 9

Picea glauca

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae
(white spruce)

Hint 9

-leaves 15-22mm, straight, stiff, pointed, but not sharp; square cross-section; lines of stomata on all four sides
-cones 3-6cm, cylindrical, light brown, smooth, rounded margins

Front 10

Back 10

Abies lasiocarpa

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae
(subalpine fir)

Hint 10

-leaves 25-40mm long; tip round or notched; lines of stomata on both sides but more prominent beneath; crowded; curving upwards from sides
-cones 4-10cm, barrel-shaped, purple to grayish brown
-bracts with level shoulders and pointy tip

Front 11

Back 11

Abies amabilis

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae
(Amabilis fir)

Hint 11

-leaves 20-30mm; notched tip; upper surface dark green, lines of stomata beneath
-needles spread horizontally, then curve upwards on lower surfaces and sides of twig, short upper needles point towards branch tip
-cones ovoid-conical, 9-14cm; scales as wide as they are long
-bracts have shoulders sloping away from wedge-shaped tip.

Front 12

Back 12

Picea abies

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae
(Norway spruce)

Hint 12

-leaves 12-24mm, stiff, straight, sharp, more flat than square, dark green on all sides
-cones 10-18cm, light brown turning reddish or grayish; scales thin and stiff with flat, slightly toothed tip

Front 13

Back 13

Tsuga mertensiana

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae
(mountain hemlock)

Hint 13

-cones oblong cylindrical 3-8cm; dark purplish-brown; stalkless
-scales fan-shaped, thick, broad, flexing backwards

Front 14

Back 14

Tsuga mertensiana

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(mountain hemlock)

Hint 14

-leaves 20-30mm, equal lengths, round cross-section, needles crowded and radiating all around, esp. on short shoots and upper sides, giving starry appearance

Front 15

Back 15

Abies procera

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(Noble fir)

Hint 15

-leaves 20-30mm, narrow and thick; sharply defined groove on upper surface; rounded tip; stomata on both surfaces; upper needles pressed against twig near base, curving upwards

-11-18cm cylindrical with long-tipped bracts extending past scales, bending backwards

Front 16

Back 16

Picea sitchensis

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae
(Sitka spruce)

Hint 16

-20-30mm leaves; straight, flat, sharp, at right angles to twigs
-cones 5-10cm; scales yellow to light brown, thin, brittle; wavy and irregularly toothed at tip

Front 17

Back 17

Picea mariana

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(black spruce)

Hint 17

-leaves 8-15mm, blunt
-cones 2-3cm, ovoid to globose, dark purplish brown on short, curved, scaly stalk; scale margins irregular

Front 18

Back 18

Pseudotsuga menziesii

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(Douglas-fir)

Hint 18

-buds red and pointy up to 10mm

Front 19

Back 19

Tsuga heterophylla

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(Western hemlock)

Hint 19

-leaves 5-20mm, irregularly spaced and unequal length
-cones 2-2.5cm, ovoid, yellow-brown

Front 20

Spruce needle attachment? Tip?

Back 20

woody peg=rough twig when leaves removed; sharp tip

Front 21

Fir needle attachment? Tip?

Back 21

"suction cup"=smooth; blunt or notched tip

Front 22

Bud size order? (Picea, Abies, Tsuga, Pseudotsuga)

Back 22

Tsuga < Abies < Picea < Pseudotsuga

Front 23

Back 23

Pinus contorta var. latifolia

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(Lodgepole pine)

Hint 23

-leaves in 2s, 3-7cm; stiff and sharp, strongly twisted, edges sharply toothed
-cones 3-6cm, sometimes asymmetrical; purplish brown; at right angles to branch or pointing back; in clusters at nodes, thick prickle on scales

Front 24

Back 24

Pinus monticola

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(western white pine)

Hint 24

-leaves in 5s, 5-10cm, fine, minutely toothed

Front 25

Back 25

Pinus monticola

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(western white pine)

Hint 25

-cylindrical, 10-30cm, 90-160 thin-tipped scales (larger, wider cones per length than Pinus strobus)

Front 26

Back 26

Pinus sylvestris

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(Scots pine)

Hint 26

-leaves in 2s, 4-8cm, stiff and sharp, twisted, finely toothed

-cones 2.5-7cm, often asymmetrical, conical to ovoid; apophysis raised and 4-sided (with a cross, without a prickle)

Front 27

Back 27

Pinus strobus

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(eastern white pine)

Hint 27

-cones slender, 8-20cm, 50-80 thin, rounded scales; narrower than P. monticola

Front 28

Back 28

Pinus strobus

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae
(eastern white pine)

Hint 28

-leaves in 5s, 5-15cm, very fine, minutely toothed

Front 29

Back 29

Larix laricina

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(tamarack)

Hint 29

-leaves 20-50mm, deciduous

-twigs hairless

-cones 10-20mm, ovoid light brown on short, curved stalks, scales smooth

(everything is small)

Front 30

Back 30

Pinus lambertiana

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(sugar pine)

Hint 30

-leaves in 5s, 5-10cm, fine, minutely toothed, often silvery
-cones 25-65cm, 10-13cm wide; scales slightly thicker and more rigid than P. monticola

-large seeds - 1cm

Front 31

Back 31

Cedrus atlantica

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(Atlas cedar)

Hint 31

-leaves 18-26mm, 10-60 per shoot but not deciduous

-egg-shaped cones with flat top; scales are wide and deciduous

Front 32

Back 32

Pinus flexilis

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(limber pine)

Hint 32

-leaves in 5s, 4-9cm, stout and stiff, no teeth

-cones cylindrical to narrowly ovoid, 8-20cm; scales thick at top, spoon-shaped; open on tree to release large (1cm) seeds

Front 33

Back 33

Pinus flexilis

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(limber pine)

Hint 33

-leaves in 5s, 4-9cm, stout and stiff, no teeth-cones cylindrical to narrowly ovoid, 8-20cm; scales thick at top, spoon-shaped; open on tree to release large (1cm) seeds

Front 34

Back 34

Sequoia sempervirens

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Cupressaceae

(coast redwood)

Hint 34

-needle-like leaves 10-20mm long with two lines of stomata

Front 35

Back 35

Sequoia sempervirens

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Cupressaceae

(coast redwood)

Hint 35

-cones globular, 2-3cm; 14-20 peltate scales, hard and leathery, wrinkled on the outside, spreading when mature

Front 36

Back 36

Pinus albicaulis

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(whitebark pine)

Hint 36

-cones globular to ovoid, 5-8cm with thick, tough, pointed scales, opens only slightly when mature

Front 37

Back 37

Pinus albicaulis

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(whitebark pine)

Hint 37

-leaves in 5s, 4-9cm long, stout and stiff; no teeth

Front 38

Back 38

Metasequoia glyptostroboides

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Cupressaceae

(dawn redwood)

Hint 38

-leaves ~20mm long on deciduous branchlets; 2-ranked, opposite

-cones 20-25mm, dark brown, 20-30 woody scales in opposite pairs = square cone

Front 39

Back 39

Metasequoia glyptostroboides

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Cupressaceae

(dawn redwood)

Hint 39

-leaves ~20mm long on deciduous branchlets; 2-ranked, opposite

Front 40

Back 40

Taxodium distichum

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Cupressaceae

(bald-cypress)

Hint 40

-cones globular and somewhat irregular, 15-35mm, purplish brown with 9-15 scales; four-sided, peltate, thick, and woody

(has pneumatophores - lighter wood)

-leaves similar to M. glyptostroboides

Front 41

Back 41

Sequoiadendron giganteum

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Cupressaceae

(Sierra redwood)

Hint 41

-leaves scale-like (3-5mm) or awl/lance-shaped (to 12mm)

-cones 5-10cm, ovoid, oblong, red brown, 25-40 peltate scales, thick, wrinkled, pitted (like lips)

Front 42

Back 42

Xanthocyparis nootkatensis

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Cupressaceae

(yellow-cedar)

Hint 42

-leaves 3-6mm, scale to lance-like, sharp-pointed; smell "catty" when crushed

-cones berry-like when young, globular, 8-12mm, with triangular projections

Front 43

Back 43

Pinus coulteri

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(Coulter pine)

Hint 43

-leaves in 3s, 15-30cm long, rigid

-cones very large, 25-35cm, weighing up to 2.3kg with thick scales terminating in large claw

Front 44

Back 44

Larix occidentalis

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(western larch)

Hint 44

-cones ovoid, 3-5cm, reddish brown, scale tips curving towards cone base when open; bracts extend past scales

Front 45

Back 45

Ginkgo biloba

phylum: Ginkgophyta

family: Ginkgoaceae

(ginkgo)

Hint 45

-obdeltoid leaves

-twigs smooth with thick obvious thick shoots (3-5 leaves each)

-stinky seeds

Front 46

Back 46

Taxus brevifolia

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Taxaceae

(Pacific yew)

Hint 46

-leaves 2-3cm long, flat, with concave lower surface; prominent midvein

-seed bluish set in bright-red fleshy aril

Front 47

Back 47

Larix lyallii

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(subalpine larch)

Hint 47

-leaves 40-50mm, 30-40 per short shoot, deciduous

-twigs very pubescent

-cones ovoid, 4-5cm, purplish brown, pubescent scales; tipped bracts longer than scales, both curving towards cone base

Front 48

Back 48

Pinus banksiana

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(Jack pine)

Hint 48

-leaves in 2s, 2-4cm, stiff and sharp, straight or slightly twisted, spread apart, toothed edges

-cones 3-7cm oblong to conical, asymmetrical, straight or curved inwards, no prickle on scale

Front 49

Back 49

Pinus ponderosa

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(Ponderosa pine)

Hint 49

-cones cylindrical to narrowly ovoid, 7-15cm, shiny reddish brown; scales have sharp prickle

Front 50

Back 50

Pinus ponderosa

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Pinaceae

(Ponderosa pine)

Hint 50

-leaves in 3s, 12-25cm long, straight and sharp, stiff but flexible, toothed edges

Front 51

White/soft pines:

-# needles?

-fascicle sheath?

-cone scales?

Back 51

-5 needles

-deciduous fascicle sheath

-thin scales with umbo at tip

Front 52

Hard pines:

-# needles?

-fascicle sheath?

-cone scales?

Back 52

-2 or 3 needles

-persistent fascicle sheath

-thick scales with umbo in middle

Front 53

Back 53

Araucaria araucana

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Araucariaceae

(monkey-puzzle)

Hint 53

-triangular leaves, 2.5-5cm, stiff and leathery, leaf base clasping stem

Front 54

Back 54

Thuja plicata

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Cupressaceae

(western redcedar)

Hint 54

-scale or lance-like leaves (1-2mm, 4-5mm) in 4 rows along the twig (side leaves are folded), not sharp, closely pressed to stem

-cones 12-18mm, ovoid, in loose clusters, upright on short curved stalks; 8-10 cone scales

Front 55

Back 55

Juniperus communis

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Cupressaceae

(common juniper)

Hint 55

-no scale leaves; needles 12-20mm, very sharp, stomata only on top surface

-cones berry-like, up to 8mm, very fleshy, bluish-black

Front 56

Back 56

Juniperus scopulorum

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Cupressaceae

(Rocky Mountain juniper)

Hint 56

-needle leaves (5-12mm) on young trees, in 2s or 3s

-needle and scale leaves on older trees (1-3mm); greyish green

-cones berry-like (up to 8mm), fleshy, bright to dark blue

Front 57

Back 57

Cryptomeria japonica

phylum: Coniferophyta

family: Cupressaceae

(Japanese-cedar / sugi)

Hint 57

-leaves 6-12mm; awl-shaped, spirally arranged; diverging from shoot but pointing forward with tips curved inward

-cones globular, 12-18mm, 20-30 scales with teeth at tips

Front 58

Back 58

kingdom: Fungi

phylum: Basidomycota

Front 59

Back 59

kingdom: Fungi

phylum: Basidomycota

Front 60

Back 60

kingdom: Fungi

phylum: Basidomycota

Front 61

Back 61

kingdom: Fungi

phylum: Ascomycota

growth form: Crustose

Front 62

Back 62

kingdom: Fungi

phylum: Ascomycota

growth form: Fruticose

genus: Cladonia

Front 63

Back 63

kingdom: Fungi

phylum: Ascomycota

growth form: Foliose

genus: Peltigera

Front 64

Back 64

kingdom: Fungi

phylum: Ascomycota

growth form: Foliose

genus: Lobaria

Front 65

Back 65

kingdom: Plantae

phylum: Marchantiophyta

growth form: Thallose

Hint 65

- some have reproductive structures on elevated stalks

- some have gemma cups

Front 66

Back 66

kingdom: Plantae

phylum: Marchantiophyta

growth form: leafy

Hint 66

- leaves generally one cell thick

- three-ranked (sprially arranged) leaves

Front 67

Back 67

kingdom: Plantae

phylum: Bryophyta

growth form: Pleurocarpus

Hint 67

- lie flat

- produce sporophytes on side of stem or on short, specialized branches

Front 68

Back 68

kingdom: Plantae

phylum: Bryophyta

growth form: Acrocarpous

Hint 68

- stand upright

- produce sporophyte from stem/branch tip

Front 69

Back 69

kingdom: Plantae

phylum: Bryophyta

genus: Sphagnum

Hint 69

- gametophyte has branches in clusters called fascicles

- young fascicles are bunched into a capitulum near top of stem

Front 70

Back 70

kingdom: Plantae

phylum: Pteridophyta

family: Polypodiaceae

Front 71

Back 71

kingdom: Plantae

phylum: Pteridophyta

family: Equisataceae

Hint 71

- stems with or without branches

- branches in whorls at stem nodes

Front 72

Back 72

kingdom: Plantae

phylum: Lycopodiophyta

family: Lycopodiaceae

Hint 72

- strobili are circular (as opposed to 4-sided, like Selaginellaceae)

Front 73

Back 73

kingdom: Plantae

phylum: Lycopodiophyta

family: Selaginellaceae

Hint 73

- strobili are 4-angled