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53 Cards in this Set
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only cause of PAM
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Naegleria fowleri
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primary amebic meningoencephalitis
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PAM
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primary amebic meningoencephalitis
Nauegleria Fowleri |
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definition of freeliving amoeba
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No vector / No host.
survive only in human |
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freeliving amoeba:
occurance: severity: |
rare and fatal
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3 Types of freeliving amoeba
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Naegleria
Acanthamoeba Balanmuthia |
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mode of entry: Naegleria
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inhalation amoeboid form -
pathognomic stage |
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penetrate the nasal mucosa & cribriform plate during inhalation or aspiration.
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Naegleria fowleri
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N. fowleri incubation period.
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1-14 days
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symptoms of N. fowleri
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encephalitis symptoms but rapid onset
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mortality rate of N. fowleri
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>95%
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N. fowleri:
how many days before death: |
4-5 days
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3 forms of Naegleria
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Trophozoite
Flagellate Cyst |
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found in fresh water lakes and ponds (warm water)
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N. fowleri
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N. fowleri: drug of choice
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no drug of choice
Ampotericin B (4 survivors) +azithromycin |
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what is GAE
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Granulomatous amebic encephalitis
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GAE & amoebic keratitis
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Acanthamoeba
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Naegleria vs bacterial meningitis
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N. fowleri - Negative gram stain but with meningitis symptoms
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N. fowleri:
can be added to Amphotericin B. |
Azithromycin
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no flagellate form
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Acanthamoeba spp.
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csf similar to viral meningitis
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Acathamoeba
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found in soil an water
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acathamoeba
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usually found in chronicaly ill, immunocompromised
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Acathamoeba spp.
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Acathamoeba
portal of entry: |
unknown
probably respi tract (inhalation of cyst) |
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onset is insidious with headache, personality changes, slight fever
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Acathamoeba
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Cure for Acathamoeba
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No cure documented
death (weeks to months) |
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CSF detection Acanthamoeba
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Not detected
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Predisposing factors:
Amebic Keratitis |
●corneal paib
●ocular pain |
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Amebic keratitis will cause:
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Blindness
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Dx of Amebic keratitis
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Amebas in corneal scrappings
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Balamuthia Mandrillaris source:
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SOIL
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pseudopodes - pointed
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Acathapods
●Acanthamoeba |
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pseudopodia - lobopodia
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Naegleria
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acanthamoeba replication by:
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binary fission
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hematogenous dissemination to CNS
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Acanthamoeba Meningoencephalitis
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predisposing factors of amoebic keratitis
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Ocular trauma
Contact lens (cleaning solution contaminated) |
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Tx of Amebic keratitis
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Difficult, limited success
corneal graft often required |
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Balamuthia mandrillaris
morphological: |
similar to acanthamoeba
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primary lesion 8 nasal 3 dermal
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Balamuthia mandrillaris
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Perivasvular infiltration frequently observed
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Balamuthia mandrillaris
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portal of entry of Balamuthia mandrillaris
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propose perivascular route from primary mucosa lesion
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GAE and granulomatous skin and lung lession
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Balamuthia mandrillaris
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Ciliates that is only pathogenic
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Balantidium coli
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defining characteristics of Balantidiun coli
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nuclear dimorphisim:
Micronucleus Macronucleus |
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2 contractile vacuoles
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Balantidium coli
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stages of Balantidum coli
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trophozoite
cyst |
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common: farm workers
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Balantidium coli
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No peripheral organ abscess
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Balantium coli
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where encystation starts in balantium coli
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rectum
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where does trophozoites balantidum coli cause ulceration?
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large intestine (cecum and colon)
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Dx of Balantidum coli
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microscopic exam of stool or tissue sample
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Balantidum coli:
trophozoite secretion |
hyaluronidase enzyme
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nausea, foul breath, colitis
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Balantium coli
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chronic diarrhea , occasional dysentery
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Balantidum coli
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