Amoeba And Flagellates Week 5

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Amoeba reproduce by

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binary fission

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Transmission of amoeba is generally by

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ingestion of the cyst phase in contaminated water

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Stain to visualize and identify amoeba

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trichrome

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cause of amoebic dysentery

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Entamoeba histolytica

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a rod shaped structure of condensed RNA inside the cytoplasm of some amoeba cysts

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chromatoid body (or bar)

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Amoeba's non-motile, usually infective stage, non-feeding. it's wall protects the organism from drying

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cyst

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a disorder marked by bloody diarrhea and/ or mucus in the feces

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dysentery

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the small mass of chromatin within the nucleus, comparable with the nucleolus

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endosome or karyosome

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a cytoplasmic extension that allows the amoeba trophozoite to move and engulf food

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pseudopod

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the motile, reproducing, feeding stage of the amoeba. generally lives in the lower GI tract

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trophozoite

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Entamoeba histolytica troph

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Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

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Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

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Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

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Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

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Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

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Entamoeba histolytica cyst

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Entamoeba coli trophozoite

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Entamoeba coli trophozoite

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Entamoeba coli cyst

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Entamoeba coli cyst

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Iodamoeba butschlii

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Blastocystis hominis

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Blastocystis hominis

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Blastocystis hominis

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Endolimax nana trophozoite

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Endolimax nana cyst

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Endolimax nana cyst

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Naegleria fowleri

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Acanthamoeba in GAE

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Balantidium coli cyst

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Balantidium coli trophozoite

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can be sexually transmitted

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E. histolytica

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a commensal

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E. dispar

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unless trophozoites are seen with ingested RBCs _____ and _______ are identical

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E. histolytica and E. dispar

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invades the intestinal wall and multiplies in the mucosal tissue

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E. histolytica

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trophozoites can invade the intestinal wall and cause ulceration of other tissues after spreading through the blood stream

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E histolytica, E. dispar

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similar to E. histolytica but small

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E. hartmani

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anaerobic parasite; doesn't seem to cause disease- but must be considered if seen in large numbers

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Blastocystis hominis

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humans become infected after swimming in infected ponds and lakes

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Naegleria fowleri

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amoeba more motile at 35 C, warming media will increase motility

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N. fowleri

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disease is rapid and fatal within a week

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Primary Amoebic Microencephalitis- Naegleria fowleri

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enters through nasal passages, travels along olfactory nerves to the brain

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Naegleria fowleri

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lesions in brain tissue may contain cysts and trophs

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granulomatous amebic encephalitis

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infection caused by inhalation of dust and aerosols

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GAE

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cause of GAE

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Acanthamoeba spp.

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traced to using contaminated saline cleaning solutions with contact lenses, or swimming in contaminated water while wearing contacts

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Acanthamoeba keratitis

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Largest parasitic protozoan

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Balantidium coli

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Has a well developed oral cytostome (rudimentary mouth)

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Balantidium coli

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Multiply asexually and by conjugation with exchange of micronuclei

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Balantidium coli

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Invades tissues producing lesions along the intestinal submucosa
•Can also cause vaginal infections

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Balantidium coli

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Intracellular portion of the flagella

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axoneme

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The axial rod that supports the flagella

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axostyle

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A thin firm rod like structure that supports the undulating membrane

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costa

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A membrane with a flagellar rim that extends out from the body of the flagellate.
• Moves in a wavelike pattern.

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undulating membrane

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which flagellate has no cyst

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Trichomonas hominis

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needed to diagnose Giardia lamblia

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trophs or cysts in the feces

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falling leaf motility

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Giardia lamblia

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Giardia lamblia

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Giardia lamblia

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Giardia lamblia cyst

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Giardia lamblia cyst

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Chilomastix mesnili

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Chilomastix mesnili

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Dientamoeba fragilis

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Dientamoeba fragilis

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Dientamoeba fragilis

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Trypanosoma brucei

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Trypanosoma brucei

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Trypanosoma cruzi

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Trypanosoma cruzi

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Trypanosoma cruzi

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leishmania. amastigote in macrophages are diagnostic

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leishmania. amastigote in macrophages are diagnostic

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Trichomonas vaginalis

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Trypanosome diagnostic stage

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trypomastigote

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trypanosome intermediate host

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arthropod

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arthropod vector of Trypanosoma brucei/ gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodiense

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Tsetse fly

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Trypanosoma brucei/ gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodiense cause the disease

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West and East Africa Sleeping Sickness

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central nervous system involvement in disease is faster with which? Trypanosoma brucei/ gambiense or Trypanosoma brucei rhodiense

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T. brucei rhodiense

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Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigote
is similar to T. brucei, but

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tend to be C or S shaped

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Trypanosoma cruzi: trypanomastigotes are found in

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heart, muscle, liver, or CNS in macrophages

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arthropod intermediate host of Trypanosoma cruzi

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reduviid bug

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trypanomastigotes of T.cruzi are deposited __________ after it takes a blood meal

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in the feces from the bug

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T. cruzi is found in which geographical locations

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Found primarily in Mexico, Central America and South America, cases have been reported in Texas and California

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how can T. cruzi be transmitted

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trans placentally

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method to identify T. cruzi

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xenodiagnosis

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T. cruzi causes

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Chagas disease, Romana;s sign- swollen eye

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Kissing Bug

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Chagas Disease. Trypanosoma cruzi

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New World Leishmaniasis

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Leishmania brasiliensis

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Old World Leishmaniasis, Oriental, Baghdad and Delhi Boil

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Leishmania tropica

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diagnostic stage of Leishmania

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amastigote in macrophages aspirated from lesion site

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Leishmania intermediate host

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sandfly

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zoonotic infection

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leishmania

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diseases of Leishmania donovani

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Visceral Leishmaniasis, Kala-azar, Dumdum fever

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how soon will you die from Leishmania donovani if not treated?

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2 years

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Leishmania donovani infects

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macrophages throughout organs throughout the body

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cutaneous Leishmaniasis

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Visceral Leishmaniasis

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how is Trichomonas vaginalis identified?

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motile trophs must be identified in fresh urethral discharge or urine sample. can also be identified on PAP smear

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Trichomonas vaginalis motility is described as

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jerky or rippling

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Trichomonas vaginalis symptoms in men are

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non-symptomatic

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Thrichomonas vaginalis cyst

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has none

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Intestinal amoeba

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Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba hartmani, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba buschlii, Blastocystis hominis

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Intestinal flagellate

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Giardia lamblia, Chilomastix mesnili, Dientamoeba fragilis, Balantidium coli

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Intestinal sporozoan

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Cryptosporidium parvum, Isopora belli, Sarcocystis sp., Cyclospora cayatenensis, Microsporidia

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Blood flagellate

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Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei

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Blood sporozoan

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Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium falciparum, Babesia microti

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Urinary/ Vaginal flagellate

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Trichomonas vaginalis

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cutaneous flagellate

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Leishmania (tropica and mexicana complex)

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mucocutaneous flagellate

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Leishmania brazilliensis complex

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Internal organs flagellate

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Leishmania donovani complex

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Internal organ sporozoan

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Toxoplasma gondii

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Lungs sporozoans

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Pneumocystis carnii (fungus)

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Free living/ Central Nervous amoeba

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Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba