Foundation Of Skeletal System And Joints

Front 1

206 bones

Back 1

-provide structure/posture

-provide attachment sites for muscles

-allow movements

-mineral storage (calcium)

-Hemoporesis - marrow makes blood cells

-Protects vital soft tissues and organs

Front 2

Bones of Axial Skeleton

Back 2

Skull / spinal column/ sternum/ ribs

Front 3

Spinal column

Back 3

cervical (7)

thoracic ( 12)

lumbar (5)

sacral (5)

coccyx (varies) - no muscles attach to coccyx

Front 4

Upper extremity

Back 4

scapula/ humerus/ radius/ ulna/ carpal bones/ metacarpals/ phalanges

Front 5

radius

Back 5

always thumb side

Front 6

ulna

Back 6

always pinky side

Front 7

lower extremity

Back 7

pelvis(coxa)/ femur/ tibia/ fibula/ tarsal bones/ metatarsals/ phalanges

Front 8

Types of bones

Back 8

long bones

short bones

flat bones

irregular bones

sesamoid bones

Front 9

Long bones

Back 9

long shaft w/ wide ends

-femur, humerus

if a bone is longer than it is wide, it's generally a long bone

Front 10

short bones

Back 10

small, cube-shaped

-carpal, tarsal bones

Front 11

flat bones

Back 11

curved surface

-ribs, sternum, clavical

something important will be attached

Front 12

irregular bones

Back 12

irregular shape, based on purpose

-maxilla, ischium

Front 13

sesamoid bones

Back 13

small bone imbedded in tendons for protection

-knee cap

protect the area, or create a lever/pulley

Front 14

weight bearing

Back 14

something pushing up through the joint longitudinally

Front 15

diaphysis

Back 15

long shaft of the bone

Front 16

cortex

Back 16

hard wall of the diaphysis

Front 17

periostium

Back 17

lining on outside of cortex

Front 18

endosteum

Back 18

lining on inside of cortex

Front 19

medullary cavity

Back 19

space on inside of cortex

-bone marrow (blood cells)

Front 20

epiphysis

Back 20

enlarged end of bone

-made of trabecular bone (spongey)

Front 21

epiphyseal plate

Back 21

thin plate of cartilage b/n diaphysis and epiphysis ("metaphyseal plate")

- growth plate

Front 22

Hyaline cartilage

Back 22

-covers the articular ends of bones

-provides cushioning and decreases shear forces

-reabsorbs synovial fluid when unloaded, secretes it when loaded

-health of this cartilage depends on weight bearing and joint movements

Front 23

foramen

Back 23

hole

Front 24

blast

Back 24

cell that builds

Front 25

clast

Back 25

"cell that destroys or breaks down"

Front 26

peri

Back 26

perimeter, outside liner

Front 27

endo

Back 27

inside lining

Front 28

Bone properties

Back 28

contains:

collagen

calcium

water

phosphorus

Front 29

Wolff's Law

Back 29

-the concept that bone undergoes changes and is shaped the way it is based on the stresses placed on it.

-bone is broken down and made everyday

Front 30

Structure v. function

Back 30

Do you function the way you are because of how you are made? (structure)

Or are you made the way you are because of how you function?

Front 31

Joint

Back 31

articulation of 2 or more bones

Front 32

Skeletal joint

Back 32

-the extent and type of movement at that joint determines the name of the joint

-the bone structures in the joint determine the amount and kind of movements

-ligaments and muscles support joint integrity

Front 33

arthro

Back 33

joint

Front 34

Classification of joints by structure

Back 34

fibrous

cartilaginous

synovial

Front 35

fibrous joint

Back 35

-held together by connective tissue

-immovable

-Ie. sutures in skin

Front 36

cartilaginous joint

Back 36

slightly moveable

Front 37

synovial joint

Back 37

highly moveable

-hyaline cartilage

Front 38

Classification of joints by function

Back 38

synarthrodial

amphiarthrodial

diarthrodial

Front 39

Synarthrodial joints

Back 39

fibrous

-gomphosis - tooth socket

-sutures - skull

Front 40

amphiarthrodial

Back 40

cartilaginous - slightly moveable joint

-syndesmosis

-symphesis

-synchrondosis

Front 41

syndesmosis

Back 41

coracoclavicular joint

bones are connected by the muscles that are attached to them

-"interosseus membrane"

Front 42

symphesis

Back 42

separated by fibrocartilage pad

-pubic symphesis

Front 43

synchrondosis

Back 43

hyaline cartilage

-costochondral joint (ribs to sternum)

Front 44

Diarthrodial

Back 44

freely moveable joint (synovial)

Front 45

arthrodial (plane joint)

Back 45

2 flat bones - gliding motion

where you see one, you see many

Front 46

Condyloidal

Back 46

ellipsoid, ovoid joint

-two planes of motion

Front 47

enarthrodial

Back 47

ball and socket

-3 planes of motion

Front 48

ginglymus

Back 48

hinge joint

-1 plane of motion

Front 49

sellar

Back 49

saddle joint

ball and socket motion

-thumb

Front 50

trochoidal

Back 50

pivot, screw joint

-rotation around a long axis

Front 51

Diarthrodial joints

Back 51

1. Ball and socket joint

2.condyloid joint

3.saddle joint

4.hinge joint

5.pivot joint

Front 52

Ball and socket joint

Back 52

round ball in a convex surface

(all planes)

-shoulder

Front 53

Condyloid joint (ellipsoid)

Back 53

convex in two planes (wrist)

Front 54

saddle joint

Back 54

three planes

thumb - only finger w/ saddle joint

Front 55

hinge joint

Back 55

1 plane - elbow/knee

Front 56

pivot joint

Back 56

transverse plane of motion

-forearm/neck

Front 57

Arthrodial joint

Back 57

"Plane joint"

2 flat surfaces gliding

Front 58

structures of synovial joint (diarthrodial)

Back 58

-joint capsule

-joint cavity

-ligaments

-hyaline cartilage

Front 59

Joint capsule

Back 59

-Sleeve-like covering of ligaments

-thin lining on inside with synovial tissue that secrete synovial fluid.

Front 60

joint cavity

Back 60

-area within the capsule

-filled with fluid

Front 61

ligaments

Back 61

nonelastic structures that limit movements of joint

Front 62

Some joints have additional fibrocartilage disk for

Back 62

additional shock absorption