Forensics Chap 1&2 Test

Front 1

Physical evidence

Back 1

all objects that establish a crime has been commited and it provides linkes between crime and its victim/perpetrator.

Front 2

Physical evidence..

Back 2

-crime laboratories run on physical evidence
-for it to be effectice it must be recognized as evidence

Front 3

Steps to processing a scene

Back 3

-Interview from victim or first officer
-examine-identify points of entry and exit, general layout
-photograph overall view and evidence
-sketch places evidence in exact location and measurements
-process-identify, evaluate and collect evidence from the crime scene for further analysis by a crime laboratory.

Front 4

Recording crime scene

Back 4

-first officer to arrive at the scene is responsible for securing the crime scene.
-priorities-medical assistance, aresting the perpetrator, exclude all unothorized personnel from the scene.
-record with photography, notes, and sketch
-leave scene in an untouched state

Front 5

Photography

Back 5

-unaltered crime scene
-only removed injured parties
-items are photographed to show position and location
-photographed from all angels
-close-ups of the object
-insert ruler of size reference

Front 6

Sketches

Back 6

-measurements
-includes all physical evidence
-final sketch should be precise, must be drawn to scale.

Front 7

Notes

Back 7

-Written description of scene
-location, time, discoveries, collections.
-to refresh one's memory

Front 8

Preliminary Exam

Back 8

-lead investigator- boundaries of scene, identidy exit and entrance, systematic evaluation, walk through, overview.

Front 9

The Search

Back 9

-depends on size, location and number of participants.
-carriers of trace evidence need to be collected.

Front 10

Packaging

Back 10

-each item should be labeled and packed seperately
-plastic pill bottles for small/trace evidence
-manila envelopes, screw caps and carboard pillboxes are good.
-dyes can contaminate evidence
-no mailing envolopes
-no airtight containers for evidence with blood, it encourages mold growth.

Front 11

Chain of Custody

Back 11

-list of all persons who came in content with the evidence.
-chain of custody keeps the authenticity of the evidence.

Front 12

Beyond the Crime Scene

Back 12

-autoposy room (forensic pathology)
-cause of death

Front 13

Things sent to forensic laboratory

Back 13

-victims clothings
-fingernail scrapings
-head and pubic hairs
-blood
-vaginal, anal, and oral swabs
-recovered bullets
-hand swabs

Front 14

Standard Reference Sample

Back 14

physical evidence whose origin is known, such as blood or hair from a suspect, that can be compared to crime-scene evidence.
-blood, soild, glass, hair, fibers requires comparison.

Front 15

Legalities

Back 15

-warrent-less searches are legal when
1) emergency circumstances
2) need to prevent the immediate loss or destruction of evidence
3) connection of a lawful arrest seach made with the consent of the parties involoved.

Front 16

substrate control

Back 16

material close of an area where evidence has been deposited.

Front 17

Forensic Science

Back 17

study and application of science to matters of the law (civil and criminal)

Front 18

History of the Crime lab

Back 18

-largest one is of the FBI
-1st one in the U.S was LA
-1st one in the world was in France and it was created by Edmong Locard

Front 19

LAB

Back 19

pathologist-autopsys
odontologist-teeth
physchologist-behavior
serologist-body fluids
tocicologist- drugs, posion
anthropologist-bones
anthropomerty-person identification of bones
entomologist- instects

Front 20

Frye v. U.S

Back 20

jury decides if it can be used

Front 21

Daubert v. Dow

Back 21

Judge decides if evidence can be used

Front 22

means

Back 22

ability to do the crime

Front 23

motive

Back 23

reason to do the crime

Front 24

opportunity

Back 24

can be placed at the time of the crime

Front 25

rigor mortis

Back 25

-24-36 hours after death
-muscles relax and the body becomes rigid

Front 26

livor mortis

Back 26

-blood settles in area closest to the floor
-0-12 hours

Front 27

algor mortis

Back 27

-body cools depending on size of body, clothing and weather conditions
-1 to 1/2 degrees per hour

Front 28

perceptual fallacies

Back 28

-what we expect, what we know, what we believe.

Front 29

Perceptual constancies

Back 29

-color constancy-left/right brain conflict
-size constancy- distance doesn't change the size of an object- this is learned
-expectation-what we expect-phantom vibrations
-memories-they are constructive