Forensics Ch. 8 Section

Front 1

Ways to use blood as evidence

Back 1

*extract DNA
*physical evidence (blood spatter)

Front 2

Erythrocytes

Back 2

Red blood cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

Front 3

Leukocytes

Back 3

White blood cells fight diseases and produce antibodies and contain DNA

Front 4

Thrombocytes

Back 4

platelets assist in clotting when a blod vessel is damaged

Front 5

Blood Typing

Back 5

less expensive form of class evidence because it can only identify a group of individuals; determined by proteins embedded in cell membrane

Front 6

A and B Proteins

Back 6

Two proteins in red blood cells

Front 7

Rh Factor

Back 7

85% of human population has this protein

Front 8

Antigen-Antibody response

Back 8

a reaction in which antibodies attach to specific antigens
Two kinds:
*phagocytes engulf invaders
*B leukocytes produce specific to one kind of angitgen

Front 9

Antibody

Back 9

protein secreted by white blood cells that attach to antigens

Front 10

Agglutination

Back 10

the clumping of molocules or cells caused by an antigen-antibody response

Front 11

Blood Typing Tests

Back 11

one for A protein, one for B protein, one for Rh protein

Front 12

Blood Spatter

Back 12

group of blood stains found in a crime scene

Front 13

Blood Spatter Analysis tells:

Back 13

Direction
Impact
Point of origin
Velocity

Front 14

Directionality of Blood determined by:

Back 14

shape of stain

Front 15

Cohesion

Back 15

force between two similar substances

Front 16

Adhesion

Back 16

force between two UNLIKE substances

Front 17

Surface Tension

Back 17

an elastic characteristic along the outer edge of a liquid caused by the attraction of molocules

Front 18

Lines of Convergence

Back 18

2D view of intersection of lines formed by drawing them down the middle of two of the drops that indicate the area of source

Front 19

Luminol

Back 19

a spray compound which causes hemoglobin to fluoresce under black light

Front 20

Forces that cause blood to drop

Back 20

gravity
cohesion
adhesion
surface tension

Front 21

Four steps in investigating blood at crime scene

Back 21

*confirm stain
*confirm stain as human blood
*determine blood type
*perform DNA analysis

Front 22

Accompanying drop

Back 22

small blood drop produced as a by-product of a drop formation

Front 23

Altered stain

Back 23

a bloodstain with characteristics to indicate a CHANGE has occured

Front 24

Bloodstain

Back 24

a deposit of blood on a surface

Front 25

Cast-off pattern

Back 25

bloodstain pattern resulting from blod drops released from an object due to its MOTION

Front 26

Mist Pattern

Back 26

a bloodstain pattern from blood reduced to a spray due to force being applied

Front 27

Pool

Back 27

a bloodstain resulting from an accumulation of blood

Front 28

Saturation stain

Back 28

a bloodstain resulting from the accumulation of liquid blood in an absorbant material

Front 29

Serum stain

Back 29

stain resulting from liquid portion of blood

Front 30

Swipe Pattern

Back 30

bloodstain pattern resulting from the transfer of blood from a blood-bearing surface onto another surface, with characteristics that indicate RELATIVE MOTION between two surfaces

Front 31

Splash pattern

Back 31

a bloodstain pattern resulting from a volume of liquid blood that falls or spills onto a surface

Front 32

Target

Back 32

a surface where blood is deposited

Front 33

Transfer stain

Back 33

a bloodstain resulting from contact between blood bearing surface and another surface

Front 34

Wipe pattern

Back 34

altered bloodstain resulting from object moving through PRE-EXISTING wet bloodstain