Forensic Chemistry

Front 1

Forensic Science

Back 1

The application of science to law

Front 2

Who devised system of 'anthroprometry' and what is it?

Back 2

Alphonse Bertillon. Procedure that involved taking a series of bodily measurements as a means of distinguishing one individual from another.

Front 3

Who published the book titled 'Fingerprints'

Back 3

Francis Henry Galton

Front 4

The molecular species we are interested indetecting and measuring

Back 4

Analytes

Front 5

Atoms will form ___ if the resulting molecule islower in energy

Back 5

Bonds

Front 6

Process of transferring and establishing aconstant distribution is called ___

Back 6

Equilibration

Front 7

a molecule with two carbons and two alcoholgroups

Back 7

ethylene glycol

Front 8

Valentin Ross made a name for himself bydeveloping a method to detect ___ in the walls ofa victim’s stomach

Back 8

Arsenic

Front 9

the revolutionary method of positively identifyingindividuals

Back 9

DNA profiling

Front 10

a plot of measured signal versus time thatillustrates analyte retention

Back 10

Chromatogram

Front 11

Polar bonds occur when one of the atoms is betterable to attract the ___

Back 11

Electrons

Front 12

The ____ (2 words) uses rigourous processes toensure careful and systematic collection,organization, and analysis of information

Back 12

Scientific Method

Front 13

the t in t-butanol indicates that the molecule is

Back 13

Branched

Front 14

type of molecular bond where electrons areshared equally

Back 14

Non-polar

Front 15

in the US. many ___ (two words) are associatedwith police forces but, not in canada

Back 15

Crime Labs

Front 16

two words for the moving solvent inchromatography

Back 16

mobile phase

Front 17

Atoms bonded together are called _____

Back 17

Molecules

Front 18

a substance used to dissolve molecular species ofinterest

Back 18

Solvent

Front 19

the molecules that are dissolved into a phase

Back 19

Solute

Front 20

The _____ identify and perform tests on bloodstains and other dried body fluids, compare hairs andfibers, and identify and compare botanical materials such as wood and plants

Back 20

Biology Unit

Front 21

Locard's Exchange Principle

Back 21

Whenever two objects come in contact with another, materials are exchanged between them.

Front 22

The concept of incorporating _____ into the services forensic laboratories offer is slowly gainingground in the United States. This unit dispatches specially trained personnel (civilian and/or police) tothe crime scene

Back 22

crime-scene evidence collection

Front 23

The ____ applies principles and techniques of chemistry, physics and geology to the identification and comparison of crime-scene evidence.

Back 23

Physical Science Unit

Front 24

______ occur when one of the atomsis better able to attract the electrons that are held in the bond

Back 24

Polar Bonds

Front 25

littlechemistry rule

Back 25

"like dissolves like"

Front 26

"the experimental investigation and explanation of natural phenomena" or "knowledge from experience"

Back 26

Science

Front 27

Matter can be simply defined as “stuff”—anything that has ___________

Back 27

mass and occupies space

Front 28

Pure Substances

Back 28

Only one type of matter present

Front 29

Mixtures

Back 29

occurs when 2(+) pure substances intermingled with each other.

Ex. Table Salt (Chemical name, Sodium chloride)

Front 30

Homogeneous Mixtures/Solutions

Back 30

Composition of mixture is identical throughout

Front 31

An _____ is the smallest possible piece of an element

Back 31

Atom

Front 32

Element Substance

Back 32

one made from atoms of just one element

ex.Pure gold

Front 33

Compounds

Back 33

pure substances made from atoms of two or more different elements

ex.Water (hydrogen and oxygen)

Front 34

A compound is a pure substance, but a pure substance need not be a compound. Give examples toprove your answer.

Back 34

Pure substance can be broken down into two categories Elemental Substance and Compound therefore a compound can be a pure substance but an elemental substance is also a pure substance. Gold is considered a pure substance but falls under elemental substance due to its purity. Water on the other hand is pure substance but falls under compound because it's made of atoms of different elements.

Front 35

Chemical Transformations

Back 35

Occurs when new substances, having new physical and chemical properties are formed from some starting substance or substances.

Front 36

Scientific Theory

Back 36

is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment.

Front 37

Dalton's Law of conservation of matter

Back 37

When a chemical reaction takes place matter is neither created nor destroyed

Front 38

Dalton's Law of constant composition

Back 38

Multiple samples of any pure chemical compound always contain same percent by mass of each element making up the compound

Front 39

Atoms are composed of

Back 39

electrons, protons and neutrons

Front 40

What led Rutherford to the conclusion that this massive something inside the atom was very small?

Back 40

Because some of the fast moving alpha particles were deflected by the gold atoms in the foil.

Front 41

Rutherford's nucleus

Back 41

Atom is mostly empty space but with something tiny, massive and positively charged

Front 42

Atomic number/significance

Back 42

Number of protons in a nucleus/ determines identity of atom

Front 43

Points of Dalton's atomic theory

Back 43

-atoms are neither created nor destroyed

-all matter is made up of atoms

-atoms of a particular element are alike

-atoms of different elements are different from one another

Front 44

Mass #

Back 44

# of protons plus the number of neutrons

Front 45

_____’s insights greatly advanced our understanding of the chemistry of the elements

Back 45

Mendeleev

Front 46

Law of Mendeleev

Back 46

Properties of elements recur in regular cycles (periodically) when elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic mass

Front 47

What is an isotope? Why are they particularly useful in forensic analysis?

Back 47

Different version of same element (same atomic number) that contain different number of neutrons in their nuclei (different mass numbers). Isotopes are also important in forensics because the ratio of isotopes in a given sample of material can identify its origin. In cases like trying to find matching

Front 48

Ionic Bond

Back 48

attractive force that arises between oppositely charged ions that were formed because of a transfer of electrons

Front 49

Chemical Bond

Back 49

name given to the attractive force that exists between atoms in a chemical compound

Front 50

Molecular compounds consist of molecules made from ______

Back 50

Neutral Atoms

Front 51

Covalent Bond

Back 51

additional force of attraction that results from valence electrons being shared between two nuclei. This bond holds molecules together.

Front 52

Electrons functions

Back 52

Make bonds

Front 53

Proton function

Back 53

Determines #e's.. type of atom

Front 54

For every proton there will be one electron“orbiting” around the nucleus. WHY?

Back 54

Neutral atoms have lower E than non-neutral atoms (ions)