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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many bones are there in the foot? |
26 but 28 if your count the seasmoid bones in the tendons of the FHB |
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How many tarsal bones are there? |
7
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Name the seven tarsal bones |
Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Middle Intermediate and Lateral Cuneiforms Cuboid
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Anterior compartment of the leg contain these muscles |
Dorsiflexors: tibilais anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus |
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Lateral compartment of the leg contains these muscles |
Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis (evert the foot) |
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Which is more lateral? Fibula or tibia? |
Fibula is more lateral |
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Space created by the tibia and fibula |
Ankle mortise |
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Heel bone |
Calcaneous |
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Cartilagenous aspect of the talus |
Trochlea |
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Parts of the talus and where they are located |
Body, head and neck (head is the distal part); body is what is covered by the trochlea |
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With what does the head of the talus articulate? |
Navicular bone |
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To what structure in the foot do the tibia and fibula articulate? |
Trochlea (on the dorsal side of the foot, sitting on the talus)
Tibia articulates medially and fibula articulates more laterally (toward calcaneus) |
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Bump on the calcaneous which borders talus |
Sustantaculum talus ("to support or maintain the talus") |
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What runs behind sustantaculum talus? |
Good for attachment of hallucis longus |
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Between the metatarsals and phalanges |
metatarsal phalangeal joints
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Bone spur of the heel |
Inferior protrusion from calcaneous-- origin of fascia |
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Another name for the calcaneo-navicular ligament |
Spring ligament
Cradles the talus and helps support the arch |
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This runs along the ventral surface of the foot |
Plantar aponeurosis |
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Where most of our dorsi and plantar flexion comes from |
Talocrural (ankle) joint |
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Inversion and eversion of the foot are happening here |
Subtalar joint |
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Why can't you evert your foot? |
Bony block from the lateral position of the fibula (extends lower) |
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Which malleolus should be lower than the other: fibular or tibial? |
Fibular-- should be much lower on the lateral aspect of the foot |
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Where does the axis of the talocrural joint run? |
Through the axis of the malleoli |
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What is an extrinsic muscle? |
One that originates outside of the foot and inserts into the foot |
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What are the intrinsic muscles of the DORSUM of the foot? |
Extensor hallucis brevis, extensor digitorum bevis (look like one belly on lateral dorsal side of foot, with branches coming off; typically, you don't see an extensor digitorum brevis going to the little toe.) |
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Name the extrinsic muscles of the DOSRUM of the foot. |
In the dorsal foot: Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor Hallucis longus, tibialis anterior, Fibularis tertius |
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What is the name for the anterior tibial artery when it crosses the ankle? |
Dorsalis pedis |
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What is the clinical significance of dorsalis pedis? |
Where you can take the pulse of the foot, esp important for diabetics |
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Fibularis longus and brevis: where do they insert? |
Fibularis (peroneus) longus: inserts on the medial cuneiform/base of the first metatarsal
Fibularis brevis: inserts on the fifth metatarsal |
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Keep tendons around the ankle from bowing out |
Inferior (Y-shaped) and superior extensor retinaculum |
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Course over the tendons of the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis around the area of the heel |
Superior and inferior fibular retinaculum |
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Name the insertions for the extrinsic muscles of the DORSUM of the foot |
Tibilais anterior: 1st cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal Extensor hallucis longus: Base of distal phalanx (1) Extensor digitorum longus: Base of middle and distal phalanges (2-5) Fibularis tertius: Base of 5th metatarsal
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What is the strongest dorsiflexor and invertor of the foot? |
tibialis anterior (attaching to 1st cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal) |
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How many layers of intrinsic muscles are there on the plantar aspect of the foot? |
4 layers |
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What are the extrinsic tendons of the plantar aspect of the foot? What layers are they found in? |
Layer 2 (with quadratus plantae and lumbricals): flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
Layer 4 (with plantar interossei and dorsal interossei): fibularis longus, tibialis posterior |
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Tom, Dick and Harry: What is the significance of this? |
Order (anterior to posterior) of tendond passing posterior to the medial malleolus |
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On the medial part of the ankle, what is covering the tendons of TDH? |
Flexor retinaculum |
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With Tom, Dick and Harry, what artery and nerve course between the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus? |
Tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery |
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The common location of tarsal tunnel |
Flexor retinaculum |
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Covering everything on the bottom of your foot |
Plantar fascia (plantar aponeurosis)
Can often be the site of plantar fascitis |
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Pain in plantar fascitis will be here |
On the bottom of the foot near or at the heel (calcaneus) |
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Extension of great toe will cause (tightening/loosening) of plantar fascia |
Tightening-- helps maintain longitudinal arch during "push off" phase of gait |
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Looking at the foot from the bottom (plantar surface), what are the three muscles you will see most superficially? (lateral to medial) |
Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor hallucis |
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Deep to lateral plantar fascia you will find this muscle |
Abductor digiti minimi |
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Layer 1 of the foot |
AFA Abductor hallucis (medially) Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi (laterally) |
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Layer 2 of the foot |
Quadratus plantae Lumbricals |
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Rectangular shaped muscle with origin in calcaneus and insertion into the flexor digitorum longus tendon |
Quadratus plantae |
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In layer two, these arise from the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus and insert on the dorsum of the foot |
Lumbricals (meaning "worm") |
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Muscles of the third layer of the foot (from the plantar surface)
Lateral to medial |
Flexor digiti minimi Adductor Hallucis Flexor hallucis brevis |
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Lateral and medial plantar are branches off of the: |
Tibial nerve |
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Branches distal to the lateral and medial plantar branches: |
Common plantar digital nerves, proper plantar digital nerves (with proper being the most distal) |
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Medial plantar nerve innervates these four muscles for motor innervation |
First lumbrical Flexor hallucis brevis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor hallucis |
