Fmf Section 102 Marine Corps History, Rank Structure And Courtesies

Front 1

What happened in 1775?

Back 1

10 Nov 1775 - The Marine Corps was created at the Tun Tavern in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by the Continental Congress which raised "two battalions of Marines."
- Capt Samuel Nicholas became the commander of these two battalions and was known as the first Commandant of the Marine Corps.

Front 2

What happened in 1776?

Back 2

The first Marine landing took place during the revolutionary War. Marines invaded New Providence Island in the Bahamas and seized guns and supplies.
- The uniform of the day was a stiff leather piece worn around the neck giving the Marines the nickname "Leatherneck".

Front 3

What happened in 1805?

Back 3

Marines stormed the Barbary pirates' stronghold at Burma on the "Shores of Tripoli."
- Marines raised the Stars and Stripes for the first time in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Front 4

What happened in 1847?

Back 4

Marines occupied the "Halls of Montezuma" during the Battle of Chapultepec in Mexico City.
- Also helped to take California.

Front 5

What happened in 1859?

Back 5

under the command of Col. Robert E. Lee US Army, Marines stormed the United States arsenal at Harper's Ferry to put down an attempted slave revolt lead by abolitionist John Brown.

Front 6

What happened in 1868?

Back 6

The Marine Corps adopted the Eagle, Globe and Anchor.
- Brig. Gen. Jacob Zeilin, 7th Commandant, modified the british Marine emblem to depict the Marines as both American and maritime.
- Globe and Anchor signify worldwide service and sea traditions.
- The spread eagle is a symbol of the Nation itself.

Front 7

What happened in 1883?

Back 7

The official motto of the Marine Corps, "semper Fidelis" was adopted.

Front 8

What happened in 1900?

Back 8

Marines, from ships in the Asiatic station defended the American Legation in Peking, China during the Boxer Rebellion.
- Marines were part of a mutlinational defense force that protected the Legation Quarter against attack.

Front 9

What happened in 1913?

Back 9

The Marine Corps established its aviation unit.
- Marine maj. Alfred A. Cunningham was the first pilot.

Front 10

What happened in 1917?

Back 10

Marines landed as part of the American force in France. They participated in 8 distinct operations, distinguishing themselves and were awarded a number of decorations, among them the French Fourragere still worn by members of the 5th and 6th Marines.

Front 11

What happened in 1933?

Back 11

Marine Corps was reorganzied into the Fleet Marine Force formally establishing the "Command and Administrative relations" between the fleet and the Marine Corps.

Front 12

What happened in 1965?

Back 12

Marines landed in South Vietnam, committing the Marines to the longest war in history.
- Marines conducted numerous large-scale offensive ops thoughout the course of the war also participated in the pacification program designed to win the support of the local populace.
- Marines also landed in the Dominican Republic to evacuate and protect US citizens in a response to an attempted coup of the local govt.

Front 13

What happened in 1982?

Back 13

Marines deployed to Lebanon as part of a multinational peacekeeping force in an effort to restore peace and order in this war-torn country.
- On 23 Oct 1983, a suicide truck bomb attacked the HQ killing 241 Americans and wounded 70 others.
- The last Marine unit withdrew in July 1984.

Front 14

What happened in 1991?

Back 14

Operation Desert Storm was launched after the Iraqi govt refused to comply with United Nations resolutions. Marine aviation was heavily used when the air phase commenced in Jn 1991.
- When massive bombing failed to dislodge Iraqi forces, Marine ground forces swept into Kuwait and liberated the country, causing severe damage to the Iraqi military capability.

Front 15

What happened in 2001?

Back 15

Marines deployed to the Arabian Sea and in Nov 2001 set up a forward operating command in Southern Afghanistan as part of Operation enduring Freedom.
- Marked as the beginning of the war on terror.
- 25 Nov, the 15th MEU arrived in Afghanistan becoming the first team of US ground tropps in the region. The Marines began to set up "Camp Rhino" at the airport just south of Kandahar, the last political and military stronghold of the Taliban regime.
- The mission (code name "Swift Freedom) sealed off the city of Kandahar cutting off incoming supplies and escape routes.
- Within months, the Al-Qaeda and Taliban terrorist govts were over-thrown and 25 million Afghans were able to experience their first freedom in over 20 years.

Front 16

What happened in 2003?

Back 16

19 Mar 2003 - American and allied forces responded as they launched Operation Iraqi freedom that in a matter of 3 weeks demolished the govt of Saddam Hussein and his Baath political party.
- Battle of Nasiriyah : 23 - 29 Mar 2003 - 2D MEB - First major battle of the Iraq War; Marines were tasked with capturing 2/3 key bridges over the Euphrates in the city on the advance to Baghdad.

Front 17

What happened during 2004 (A)?

Back 17

31 Mar 2004 - Iraqi insurgants in Fallujah ambushed a convoy containing 4 American private military contractors from Blackwater USA who were conducting delivery for food caterers.
- Photos were released to news agencies around the world causing outrage to the US.
- In Apr 2004 - Coalition Forces fought the First Battle of Fallujah "Operation Vigilant Resolve", in order to capture or kill insurgant elements considered responsible for the deaths of the Blackwater Security team.
- When Coalition forces fought into the center of the city, the Iraqi govt requested that control of the city be turned over to an Iraqi-run security forces, which then began stockpiling weapons and building complex defenses across the city in mid-2004.

Front 18

What happened during 2004 (B)?

Back 18

07 Nov 2004 - "Operation Phantom Fury" was launched to recapture the city of Fallujah. Operation Phantom Fury resulted in the reputed death of over 1350 insurgent fighters. Approx. 95 American troops were killed and 560 were wounded.
- 13 Nov, after 6 days of intense battles, the Iraqi town of Fallujah was fully occupied by US forces.
- Bloodiest battle of hte war of Iraq.

Front 19

What happened during the Battle of Belleau Wood?

Back 19

Happened during WWI. Marines helped to crush a German offensive at Belleau Wood that threatened Paris. In honor of the Marines who fought there, the French renamed the area "the Wood of the Brigade of Marines."
- German intellegence evaluated the Marines as "storm troops" - the highest rating on the enemy fighting scale.
- In reference to the Marine's ferocious fighting ability, the German tropps called their new enemy "Devil Dogs" a nickname in which the Marines share pride in.

Front 20

What happened during the Battle of Guadalcanal?

Back 20

7 Aug 1942 - 1st MARDIV landed on the beaches of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands and launched the first United States land offensive of WWII.
- This battle marked the first combat test of the new amphibious doctorine, and also provided a crucial turning point of the war in the Pacific by providing a base to launch further invasions of Japanese-held islands.
- Amphibious landings followed on the remaining Solomon Islands including New Georgia, Choiseul (Feint), and Bougainville.

Front 21

What happened during the Battle of Belleau Wood?

Back 21

The Bilbert Islands were the first in the line of advance for the offensive in the Central Pacific. The prime objective wasw the Tarawa Atoll and Betio Island which had been fortified to the point that the Japanese commander proclaimed that it would take a million Americans 100 years to conquor it.
- 20 Nov 1943 - Marines landed and secured the island within 76 hrs but paid a heavy price.
- Landing crafts could not cross the extended reefs of the island and Marines were offloaded hundreds of yards from the beaches leading to heavy losses from enemy fire.
- Many Marines drowned while attempting to wade ashore.

Front 22

What happened during the Battle of Mariana Islands?

Back 22

During June and July 1943 Lt General Holland M. Smith led a combined invasion force of Marines and soldiers that totaled over 136,000to take over the Mariana Islands due to the fact that the Navy and Air Force needed advanced bases for airfields.

Front 23

What happened during the Battle of Iwo Jima?

Back 23

19 Feb 1945 - Marines landed in Iwo Jima in what was the largest all Marines battle in history.
- The Maine Corps suffered over 23,300 casualties.
- Admiral Chester W. Nimitz - "Among the Americans who served on Iwo Island, uncmmon valor was a common virtue."

Front 24

What happened during the Battle of the Choisin Reservoir?

Back 24

Nov 1950 - Marines were cut off after the Chinese Communist Forces entered the war in North Korea.
- Despite facing a 10-division force sent to annihiliate them, Marines smashed 7 enemy divisions in their march from the Chosin Reservior.
- The major signifiant of this retrograde movement was that Marines brought out all operable equipment, properly evacuated their wounded and dead, and maintained tactical integrity.

Front 25

What happened durinig the Battle of Hue City?

Back 25

Jan 1968 - Communist forces launched a surpise offensive by inflitrating large numbers of their tropps into the major population centers of Hue City, South Vietnam. A near division size unit of NVA troops occupied the city of Hue and the Citadel. Marines fought in built-up areas for the first time since the Korean War foregoing the application of heavy arms to minimize civilian casualties. Fighting was house - to - house with progress measured in yards.
- City was secured on 25 Feb 1968.

Front 26

Who is Archibald Henderson?

Back 26

Became Commandant in 1820 and held his command for 39 years.
- He was known as the "Grand Old Man of the Marine Corps"

Front 27

Who is John Quick?

Back 27

Sgt.Maj. Quick is remembered for his performance at Cuzco Well where he participated in an operation to seize an advanced base for the Atlantic Fleet battalion of Marines.
- Won the Metal of Honor for semaphoring for an emergency lift of the nanal bombardment while under Spanish and American shellfire.

Front 28

Who is Dan Daly?

Back 28

Sgt.Maj. Dan Daly is recognized for recieving 2 Metal's of Honor: 1) during the Chinese Boxer Rebellion 2) during the First Caco War in Haiti.
-During the Battle of Belleau Wood, he yelled, "Come on you sons of a bitch, do you want to live forever?"

Front 29

Who is Louis B. Puller?

Back 29

Pulled and a group of 32 Marines became famous for their ability to engage rebel groups and bandits while scouring the jungles in a wide area of Nicaragua to the Houndarian border.
- Chesty Puller became known as the "Tiger of the Mountains" (1930)
- The Marine Corps' mascot, an english Bulldog named "Chesty" is named for this brave and fine Marine Corps Officer.

Front 30

Who is Gregory R. "Pappy" Boyington?

Back 30

Maj. Boyington is recognized for Marine proness in aerial dogfights.
- "Pappy" commanded VMH-214, the "Black Sheep" during WWII.
- 28 Victories (Kills)

Front 31

Who is Ira H. Hayes?

Back 31

Cpl Ira Hayes was a Pima Indian took place in the second flag raising incident on Mount Suribachi shortly after the Japanese stronghold was taken on 23 Feb 1945.

Front 32

Who is Opha Mae Johnson?

Back 32

13 Aug 1918 - The first enlisted woman to join the Marine corps.
- Official title was Marine Reserves (F) better known as "Skirt Marines" and "Marinettes".

Front 33

Who is Margaret A. Brewer?

Back 33

Served as the Director of Woman Marines during 1973-1977.
- 7th and last director only one to serve post- world war.
- Became the Marine Corps' first woman general officer on 11 May 1978.

Front 34

Who is Robert E. Bush?

Back 34

Earned Metal of Honor during the Battle of Okinawa. Providing aid to the wounded, an attack advanced on him while treating a casuality on the hill top when the Japanese counter-attacked. Holding the plasma in one hand, he emptied out his pistol into the advancing Japanese ranks. He then seized a carbine and trained his fire on the Japanese charging over the hill, accounting for 6 enemy casualities despite his own serious wounds and the loss of an eye during his desperate battle in defense of the helpless man.

Front 35

Who is John "Jack" H. Bradley?

Back 35

One of the 6 men to participate in the iconic flag raising over Iwo Jima.
- Earned the Navy Cross during the Battle of Iwo Jima for running a barrage of martar and machine gun fire to aid an exposed wounded Marine.
- Performed life saving treatment while positioning himself to shield his patient and then pulled the man 30 yards through intense enemy fire to a position of safety.

Front 36

Who is Robert R. Ingram?

Back 36

Earned Metal of Honor during the Vietnam War. Petty Officer Ingram crawled through a bullet spattered terrain to reach a downed Marine where 100 NVA's where shooting at them.
- while administering aid, a bullet went through his hand, He then edged across the fire swept landscape collecting ammunition from the dead and administering aid to the wounded.
- he recieved two more wounds before relizing the 3rd was life threatening and continued to render aid.
- He then recieved a 4th bullet wound.
- Enduring the pain from his many wounds and disregarding the probability of his demise, his intrepid actions saved many lives that day.

Front 37

When and how do you salute?

Back 37

Begin your salute in ample time (at least 6 but not more than 30 paces away)
Hold your salute unitl it is returned or acknowledged
Accompany salute with the proper greeting
Look squarely at the person or colors being saluted
Render salute only once if a senior remains in the immediate vicinity
render salute again if conversation takes place when a senior leaves or when you depart.

Front 38

When do you salute in a group?

Back 38

If group is not in formation - First person to notice an officer approaching calls the group to attention and salutes for the group or entire group can salute.

If group is in formation - Senior person calls the formation to attention and salutes for the group.

Front 39

How do you salute an officer who is going the same direction as you?

Back 39

Come abreast of the officer, salute and say "By your leave, sir (ma'am)".

Officer should return the salute and say "Carry on" or "Granted".

Terminate salute and pass ahead.

Front 40

Who do you salute?

Back 40

Salute officers, regular and reserve, of the Navy, Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and foreign military and naval officers whose govt are formally recognized by the US Govt.

Front 41

When do you not salute?

Back 41

While working indoors (except when under arms).
As a prisoner or when guarding prisoners.
Under battle conditions.
In ranks, at games, or part of a working details.
At crowded gathering, in public conveyances, or in congested areas, unless you are addressing or are being directly addressed by a senior.
When doing so would physically interfere with your performance of an assigned duty or would create a hazard.
When your blouse or coat is unbottoned.
With a smoking device in your hand.

Front 42

List the officer ranking from O-1 to O-10.

Back 42

0-1 - Second Lt
O-2 - First Lt
0-3 - Captain
O-4 - Major
O-5 - Lt Colonel
O-6 - Colonel
O-7 - Brigadier General
O-8 - Major General
O-9 - Lt General
O-10 - General

Front 43

List the Warrent Officer Ranking.

Back 43

W-1 - Warrant Officer (WO-1)
W-2 - Chief Warrant Officer (CWO -2)
W-3 - Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-3)
W-4 - Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-4)
W-5 - Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-5)

Front 44

List the Enlisted ranking from E-1 to E-9.

Back 44

E-1 - Private
E-2 - Private First Class
E-3 - Lance Corporal
E-4 - Corporal
E-5 - Sergeant
E-6 - Staff Sergeant
E-7 - Gunnery Sergeant
E-8 - First Sergeant
E-8 - Master Sergeant
E-9 - Sergeant Major
E-9 - Master Gunnery Sergeant
E-9 - Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps

Front 45

When do you render honors while boarding a ship?

Back 45

Boarding a ship between the hours of 0800 and sunset.

- Face aft upon reaching the top of the gangway (brow).
Salute the National Ensign.
Salute the officer of the deck, who will be standing on the quarterdeck at the head of the gangway.
Request "Permission to come aboard."

Front 46

How do you render honors while departing a ship between the hours of 0800 and sunset?

Back 46

Salute the OOD and request, "Permission to go ashore."
Go to the brow, turn aft, and salute the National Ensign.

Front 47

How do you board and depart a ship between the hours of sunset and 0800?

Back 47

Same proceedures as boarding and departing between the hours of 0800 and sunset just do not salute the National Ensign.

Front 48

How do you board a small boat or ship?

Back 48

By inverse order of rank - junior goes first.