101 Marines Corps History, Rank Structure, And Courtesies Fundamentals

Front 1

1775

Back 1

The Marine Corps was created on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at Tun Tavern by a resolution of the Continental Congress, which “raised 2 battalions of Marines”.

Captain Samuel Nicholas became the commander of these 2 battalions and is traditionally considered the first Commandant of the Marine Corps.

Hint 1

Marine Corps came alive

Front 2

1776

Back 2

The first marine landing took place during the Revolutionary War.

Marines invaded New Providence Island in the Bahamas and seized guns and supplies.

The uniform of the day had a stiff leather stock that was worn around the neck, this the nickname “Leatherneck”.

Hint 2

Leatherneck

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1805

Back 3

Marines stormed the Barbary pirates’ stronghold at Burma on the “Shores of Tripoli”.

Marines raised the “Stars and Stripes” for the first time in the eastern hemisphere.

Hint 3

“Stars and Stripes”

Front 4

1834

Back 4

The Marines were organized under the Department of the Navy (DON).

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1847

Back 5

During the Mexican War, Marines occupied the “Halls of Montezuma” during the Battle of Chapultepec in Mexico City.

Marines were the first United States troops to enter the capital.

Marines also helped take California.

Hint 5

Mexicans went to heaven

Front 6

1859

Back 6

Under the command of Colonel Robert E. Lee, U.S. Army, Marines stormed the United States arsenal at Harper’s Ferry to put down an attempted slave revolt lead by abolitionist John Brown.

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1868

Back 7

The Marine Corps adopted an emblem that consisted of an Eagle, a Globe, and an Anchor.

Brigadier General Jacob Zeillin, 7th Commandant, modified the British (Royal) Marine emblem to depict the Marines as both American and maritime.

The globe and anchor signify worldwide service and sea traditions.

The spread eagle is a symbol of the Nation itself.

Hint 7

E-G-A is great

Front 8

1883

Back 8

The official motto of the Marine Corps, “Semper Fidelis”, (Latin for “Always Faithful”) was adopted.

Hint 8

“Semper Fi”

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1900

Back 9

In support of foreign policy, Marines defended the American Legation in Peking, China during the Boxer Rebellion.

The Marines were part of a multinational defense force.

This small defense force help out against the Boxers until a relief force was able to reach Peking and end the rebellion.

Hint 9

🥊🥊

Front 10

1912

Back 10

The Marine Corps establishes its Aviation Unit.

Marine Major, Alfred A. Cunningham was the first pilot.

His first solo flight (1stLt at the time) occurred on 1 August 1912.

Hint 10

Major A

Front 11

1917

Back 11

Marines landed as part of the American force in France.

Marines, participated in 8 distinct operations, distinguishing themselves and were awarded a number of decorations, among them the French Fourragere; still worn by members of the 5th and 6th Marines.

Hint 11

5 6 7 8

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1933

Back 12

The Marine Corps was reorganized into the Fleet Marine Force, formally establishing the “command and administrative relations” between the Fleet and the Marine Corps.

The Marine Corps Equipment Board was established at Quantico, Virginia.

Hint 12

FMF

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1965

Back 13

Marines landed in South Vietnam, and conducted numerous large-scale offensive operations throughout the course of the war, as well as participated in the pacification program designed to win the support of the local populace.

Marines landed in Dominican Republic to evacuate and protect U.S. citizens.

The Marines formed the core of a multinational force that quickly restored the peace.

Hint 13

Vietnam

Front 14

1982

Back 14

Marines deployed to Beirut, Lebanon as part of a multinational peacekeeping force in an effort to restore peace and order.

This action further displayed the Marines concept of a “Force in Readiness”.

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1983

Back 15

On 23 October 1983, a suicide truck bomb attack on the building serving as barracks for 1st Battalion 8th Marines killed 241 Americans and wounded 70 others.

The last Marine unit withdrew in July 1984.

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1991

Back 16

Operation Desert Storm was launched after the Iraqi government invaded Kuwait and refuse to comply with United Nations resolutions demanding their withdrawal.

Marine aviation was heavily used when the air phase commenced in January of 1991.

When massive bombing failed to dislodge Iraqi forces, Marine ground forces swept into Kuwait and liberated the country, causing severe damage to the Iraqi military capability.

Front 17

2001

Back 17

11 September 2001. Terrorist attacks were carried out in New York City. Two civilian airline planes were hijacked and flew into the World Trade Center.

Operation Enduring Freedom is the official name used by the by the U.S. Government for the War in Afghanistan, together with 3 smaller military actions, under the umbrella of the Global War on Terror.

On 7 October 2001, early combat operations including a mix of strikes from land based, launched from both U.S. and British ships and submarines signaled the start of Operation Enduring Freedom.

Front 18

2003

Back 18

The invasion of Iraq (from 20 March to 1 May 2003) was led by the United States, alongside the United Kingdom and smaller contingents from Australia and Poland.

Four countries participated with troops during the initial invasion phase.

Front 19

The Battle of Belleu Wood

Back 19

On 6 June 1918, Marines fought one of their greatest battles in history at Belleu Wood, France during the World War 1.

Marines helped to crush a German offensive at Belleu Wood that threatened Paris.

In honor of the Marines who fought there, the French renamed the area “the Wood of the Brigade of Marines”.

German intelligence evaluated the Marines as “storm troops” — the highest rating on the enemy fighting scale.

German troops called their new enemy “Teufelhunden” or “Devil Dogs”, a nickname in which Marines share pride.

Front 20

The Battle of Guadalcanal

Back 20

On 7 August 1942, the 1st Marine Division landed on the beaches of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands and launched the first United States land offensive of World War 2.

This battle marked the first combat test of the new amphibious doctrine, and also provide a crucial turning point of the war in the Pacific by providing a base to launch further invasions of Japanese-held islands.

Amphibious landings followed on the remaining Solomon Islands including New Georgia, Bougainville, and Choiseul.

Hint 20

3- FIRST’s

Front 21

The Battle of Tarawa

Back 21

The Gilbert Islands were the first in the line of advance for the offensive in the Central Pacific.

The prime objective was the Tarawa Atoll and Betio Island which had been fortified to the point that Japanese commander proclaimed that it would take a million Americans 100 years to conquer it.

On 20 November 1943, Marines landed and secured the island within 76 hours, but paid a heavy price in doing so.

Because of an extended reef, landing craft could not cross it and Marines were offloaded hundreds of yards from the beaches.

This led to heavy losses from enemy fire.

Many Marines drowned while attempting to wade ashore.

Front 22

The Battle of Mariana Islands

Back 22

Due to the need for airfields by the Air Force and advanced bases for the Navy, the Marianas were invaded.

Landings on the islands of Saipan, Guam, and Tinian accomplished this.

During June and July of 1943, Lieutenant General Holland M. “Howlin Mad” Smith led a combined invasion force of Marines and soldiers that totaled over 136,000.

This was the greatest number of troops up to that time to operate in the field under Marine Command.

Hint 22

SGT Marianas

Front 23

Battle of Okinawa

Back 23

On 1 April 1945 until 22 June 1945, Marines took part in the last and largest battle of the Pacific, which involved 287,000 troops.

The Battle was crucial for securing vital air bases that would be used for the planned invasion of the Japanese mainland.

By the end of the 82-day campaign, the Japanese suffered over 77,000 casualties and the allies received 65,000 including 14,000 dead.

23 Medals of Honor were awarded.

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The Battle of Iwo Jima

Back 24

On 19 February 1945, Marines landed on Iwo Jima what was the largest and bloodiest all-Marine battle in history.

The Marine Corps suffered over 23,300 casualties.

The capture of Iwo Jima greatly increased the air support and bombing operations against the Japanese home Islands.

Admiral Chester W. Nimitz said, “Among the Americans who serve on Iwo Island, uncommon valor was a common virtue”.

Front 25

The Battle of Chosin Reservoir

Back 25

In November of 1950, during the Korean War, Marines pushed fan into North Korea and were cut off after the Chinese Communist Forces entered the war.

Despite facing 10-division force sent to annihilate them, Marines smashed 7 enemy divisions in their march from the Chosin Reservoir.

The major significance of this retrograde movement was that Marines brought out all operable equipment, properly evacuated their wounded and dead, and maintained tactical integrity.

Front 26

The Battle of Hue City

Back 26

During the Vietnamese holiday of Tet in January of 1968, Communist forces launched a surprise offensive by infiltrating large numbers of their troops in to the major population centers Hue City, South Vietnam.

Marines fought in built-up areas for the first time since the Korean War, foregoing the application of heavy arms to minimize civilian casualties.

Fighting was house-to-house with progress measured in yards.

The city was secure on 25 February 1968.

Front 27

The First Battle of Fallujah

Back 27

Codenamed Operation Vigilant Resolve, was an unsuccessful attempt by the United States military to capture the city of Fallujah, Iraq.

On 4 April 2004, 1st Battalion, fifth Marine Regiment (1/5) attacked the city’s industrial center, and the 2nd Battalion, 1st Marines (2/1) pushed south trough the northwestern urban district.

They met harsh resistance, and by 10 April, 3/4 and 2/2 were committed to the still raging conflict.

Front 28

The Second Battle of Fallujah

Back 28

Two distinct operations (Operation Al-Fajr and Operation Phantom Fury) took place during the second battle of Fallujah on 7 November 2004.

Front 29

Operation Al-Fajr

Back 29

“The Dawn” represented a major success for Iraqi Government and coalition forces.

The attack force include now U.S. Army and Marine battalions, six Iraqi battalions, and attack aviation from all of the Military Services, to include some 12,000 Marines.

Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, and Iraqi Security Forces.

The keys to successful integration of this joint and coalition force were complementary war fighting capabilities, a single chain of command, advances in the technology, and unifying vision of liberating a city from oppressive grip of the insurgents and terrorists.

The assault and subsequent reconstruction efforts turned Fallujah from an insurgent base of operations into cornerstone of progress in the Al Anbar Province.

Front 30

Operation Phantom Fury

Back 30

Was a joint U.S.- Iraqi- British offensive led by the U.S. Marine Corps against the Iraqi insurgency stronghold in the city of Fallujah, which was authorized by the U.S.-appointed Iraqi Interim Government.

The carefully designated and skillfully executed attack took place on 7 November 2004 and employed Regimental Combat Teams 1 and 7 attacking south into the city.

The Marines were well supported by Army mechanized infantry and cavalry units.

This inter-service and fully coordinated air-ground approach gradually overwhelmed the insurgents trapped in the city.

The dense urban fighting was fierce, and conducted house by house and rooftop to rooftop.

Front 31

Operation Strike of the Sword

Back 31

Operation Khanjar was an American-led military offensive against the Taliban in Helmand province in southern Afghanistan.

Approximately 4,000 Marines from the 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade along with 650 Afghan Army soldiers took part in the offensive.

The operation began when the U.S. and Afghan forces entered the Helmand River Valley in the early morning of 2 July 2009.

This operation was the largest Marine offensive since the Battle of Fallujah in 2004.

The operation was also the biggest offensive airlift by the Marines since the Vietnam War.

Units involved in the offensive include 2nd Battalion, 8th Marines; 2nd Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion and 1st Battalion, 5th Marines.

Front 32

The Battle of Marjah

Back 32

Also known as Operation Moshtarak (Dari word for “together”).

In February 2010 Operation Moshtarak reclaimed Marjah, a strategic agricultural hub and narco-terrorist safe haven in the Helmand River Valley.

Together with thousands of Afghan National Security Forces, the Marines tangibly improved the geo-political landscape of Southwestern Afghanistan.

Front 33

Brevet Brigadier General Archibald Henderson

Back 33

Became Commandant in 1820 and held his command for 39 years until his death in 1859.

The “Grand Old Man of the Marine Corps”.

Introduce higher standards of personal appearance, training, discipline, and strive to have the Marine Corps known as a profesional military force.

Front 34

Sergeant Major John Quick

Back 34

Is remembered for his performance 1898 at Cuzco Well (Guantanamo Bay, Cuba) where he participated in an operation to seize an advance base for the Atlantic Fleet Battalion of Marines.

Earned the Medal of Honor for semaphoring for an emergency lift of the naval bombardment while under Spanish and American shellfire.

Front 35

Sergeant Major Dan Daly

Back 35

Is recognized for earning two Medals of Honor: (1) Chinese Boxer Rebellion and (2) First Caco War in Haiti.

During the Battle of Belleau Wood, then Gunnery Sergeant yelled to his men, “Come on, you son of a b____, do you want to live forever?”

Front 36

Lieutenant General Louis B. “Chesty” Puller

Back 36

Serve in Nicaragua through several periods of political unrest and rebellious activity 1930.

Puller and a force of about 32 Marines became famous for their ability to engage rebel groups and bandits while scouting the jungles in a wide area of Nicaragua to the Honduran border.

Became known as the “Tiger of the Mountains” (1930).

He was awarded a total of 14 personal decorations in combat, plus a long list of campaign medals, unit citation ribbons, and others awards.

He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross and his fifth Navy Cross for heroism, during the bitter fight to break out of Korea’s Chosin Reservoir area.

Front 37

Major Gregory R. “Pappy” Boyington

Back 37

Is recognized for Marine prowess in aerial dogfights.

Commanded VMH-214, the “Black Sheep”, during World War 2.

Was recognized as the Marine Corps’ top ranking flying ace with 28 victories (“kills”).

He was awarded the Medal of Honor on 5 October 1945 for his actions against enemy Japanese forces in Central Solomon’s area from 12 September 1943 to 3 January 1944.

Front 38

Corporal Ira H. Hayes

Back 38

A Pima Indian, was one of the Marines immortalized in the now famous photograph taken of the second flag raising on Mount Suribachi, taken on 23 February 1945.

Front 39

Private Opha Mae Johnson

Back 39

Became the Marine Corps’ first enlisted woman on 13 August 1918.

Marine Reserve (F) was the official title by which the Marine Corps’ first enlisted women were known.

They were better know as “Skirt Marines” and “Marinettes”.

Front 40

Brigadier General Margaret A. Brewer

Back 40

Then a Colonel, served as the Director of Women Marines (WM) during the period 1973-1977.

She was the seventh and last director of WM, the only post-World War woman to hold the position.

Became a Marine Corps’ first woman General Officer on 11 May 1978.

Front 41

Hospital Apprentice First Class Robert E. Bush

Back 41

On 2 May 1945, during the Battle of Okinawa, administered blood plasma to a wounded Marine Officer with one hand, and returned fire with the other, amidst the perilous battle conditions.

For his “conspicuous gallantry” on this occasion, he was presented with the Medal of Honor by President Harry S. Truman on 5 October 1945.

He was the youngest World War 2 Navy man to receive the Medal of Honor.

Front 42

Petty Officer Robert R. Ingram

Back 42

Accompanied the point platoon as it aggressively engaged an outpost of a North Vietnamese Army (NVA) Battalion Republic of Vietnam on March 28, 1966.

As he move forward, a tree line suddenly exploded with an intense hail of automatic riffle fire from approximately 100 NVA soldiers.

Oblivious to the danger, he crawled across the battlefield to reach a downed Marine.

As he administered aid, a bullet went through the palm of his hand.

Receiving two more wounds, with the third wound being life-threatening one, he continued to resupply and aid others.

While dressing the head wound of another corpsman, he sustained his fourth bullet wound.

From sixteen hundred hours until almost sunset, he pushed, pulled, cajoled, and doctored his Marines.

Petty Officer Ingram’s gallant actions saved many lives and he was awarded the Medal of Honor.

Front 43

Corporal Jason Dunham

Back 43

Led his Combined Anti-Armor Team towards an engagement in Husaybah, Iraq on 14 April 2004 to provide fire support to their Battalion Commander’s convoy, which had been ambushed.

While wrestling an insurgent to the ground, he saw a grenade being released.

Aware of the imminent danger and without hesitation, he covered the grenade with his helmet and body, bearing the brunt of the explosion and shielding his Marines from the blast.

He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor, and a US Navy Destroyer now bears his name.

Front 44

Corporal Dakota Meyer

Back 44

Maintained security at a patrol rally point while other members of his team moved on foot into village Ganjgal in Kunar Province, Afghanistan on 8 September 2009.

More than 50 enemy fighters ambushed the patrol; firing rocket propelled grenades, mortars, and machine guns from houses and fortified positions on the slopes above.

He took the exposed gunner’s position in a gun-truck as they made several trips in to evacuate the dead and wounded members of his team as well as afghan soldiers.

Was awarded the Medal of Honor for his daring initiative and bold fighting spirit throughout the 6-hour battle significantly disrupted the enemy’s attack.