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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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causes of hypokalemia lower then 3.5
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thiazides
diarhhea/vomiting gastric suction |
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causes of hypokalemia lower then 3.5
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cushings syndrome
corticosteroids (-one) renal disease |
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causes of hypokalemia lower then 3.5
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TPN
DM alkalosis |
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signs of hypokalemia
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leg/abd cramps
lethergy/weakness |
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signs of hypokalemia
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shallow reps
thready pulse confusion |
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signs of hypokalemia
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decreased or absent reflexs
hypoactive bowels |
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signs of hypokalemia
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portural hypotension
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signs of hypokalemia
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peaked P waves
flat T depressed ST segment |
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cause of hyperkalemia
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renal failure
intestinal damage |
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cause of hyperkalemia
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acidosis
addisons disease transfusion of stored blood |
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signs of hyperkalemia
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muscle weakness
parathesis |
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signs of hyperkalemia
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hypotension
diarrhea |
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signs of hyperkalemia
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hyperactive bowel signs
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signs of hyperkalemia
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wide flat p waves widened QRS complex prolonged PR interval
depressed ST segmant peaked T waves |
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potassium food sources
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avocados cantaluope
fish mushrooms carrots potatoes pork beef veal raisens spinach strawberries tomatoes |
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causes of hyponatremia
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gastro suction
excessive water potent diruetics |
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causes of hyponatremia
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increased perspiration draning skin leasions
burns |
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causes of hyponatremia
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DKA
SIADH kidney/heart failure |
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signs of hyponatremia
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rapid thready pulse
weakness |
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signs of hyponatremia
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abd. cramping
poorskin turger muscle twitching seizures |
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hypernatremia causes
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low water intake
fever dehydration |
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hypernatremia causes
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hyperventilation
watery diarhea TPN |
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hypernatremia causes
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diabetes insipidus
cushings imapired renal function |
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hypernatremia causes
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excessive sodium bicarbonate
use of costicosteroids (-one) |
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hypernatremia signs
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dry mucous membrane
loss of skin turgor thirst |
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hypernatremia signs
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flushed skin
elevated temp. oliguria |
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hypernatremia signs
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fatigue confusion seizures
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hypomagnesemia causes
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caliac disease
crohns disease alcholism |
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hypomagnesemia causes
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maalnutrition
acute pancreatitis DKA |
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hypomagnesemia causes
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eclampsia
chemotherapy sepsis |
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signs of hypomagnesemia
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twitching paresthesias
hyperactiv reflexes |
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hypomagnesemia signs
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irratability
confusion shallow reps. tetany |
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hypomagnesemia signs
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positive Chvosteks/Trousseus
tachycardia tall T waves depressed ST segment |
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hypermagnesia causes
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overuse of antacids
renal insuffiency treatment of toxemia |
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hypermagnesia signs
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hypotension bradycardia weak pulse
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hypermagnesia signs
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sweating /flushing
respiratory depression loss of deep tendon reflex prolonged PR wide QRS |
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magnesium norm 1.6-2.6
food sources |
avocado white tuna cauliflower oatmael
green ;eafy vegs. yougurt milk peanut butter pea pork beef chicken potatoes raisen |
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hypocalcemia cause
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end stage renal disease
diarrhea loss from wound drainage |
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hypocalcemia cause
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anticonvulsants (magnesium sulfate)
hypoparathyroid |
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hypocalcemia cause
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caffiene
heparin laxatives nicotine |
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hypocalcemia cause
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acute pancreatitis
chrohns disease admins of blood |
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hypocalcemia signs
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tachycardia
hypotension |
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hypocalcemia signs
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parathesias
twitching cramps tetany |
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hypocalcemia signs
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positive chvosteks
trousseaus diarhhea hyperactive prolonged QT |
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food sources of calcium
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cheese collard greens milk rhubarb sardines spinach
tofu yogurt |
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hypercalcemia causes
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bone tumors
fractures immobility |
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hypercalcemia causes
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renal failure
thiazide use of lithium |
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hypercalcemia causes
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adrenal insufficiency
use of glucccortoids hyperparathyroidism |
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hypercalcemia signs
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increased haert rate and blood presure
bradycardia late sign |
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hypercalcemia signs
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shortened QT widened T waves
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hypercalcemia signs
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muslce weakness
diminished reflexes N/V constipation ab distention confusion lethargy coma |
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hypophosphatemia cuases
normal 2.7-4.5 |
use of magnesium /hydro based antacids
renal failuree hypercalcemia |
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hypophosphatemia cuases
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alchohol withdrawel
DKA respiratory alkalosis |
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hypophosphatemia signs
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confusion seizures wekness
decresed deep tendon reflexes |
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hypophosphatemia signs
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bone pain immunosupression increased bleeding
shallow reps. |
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causes of hyperphosphatemia
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phosphate laxatives
toxic level vita D hypoparathyroidism renal insufiency chemo |
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signs of hyperphosphatemia
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nueromuscular irratability
muscle weakness hyperactive reflexs positve chosteks trousseus sign |
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phosphate food sources
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fish organ meats
nuts pork beeef chiken whole grains cereals |
