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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Total freq of disfluency normal
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Nine or fewer disfluencies per 100 words
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Total freq of disfluency stutterer
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At least 10 disfluencies per 100 words.
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types of disfluency normal
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whole word, phrase repetitions, interjections, and revisions predominate.
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Types of disfluency stutterer
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part word repetitions, audible siler pronlongations, and broken words predominate.
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Number of unit repetitions/part word repetition normal
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No more than two unit repetitions/ part word repetition b-b ball, but not b-b-b ball.
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Number of unit repetitions/part word repetition stutterer
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three units repetitions audible silent pronlongations, and broken words predominate.
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Perception of schwa instead of normal vowel in wored marked by part word repetition normal
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schwa not perceived part word repetitions bee-bee-beet, not buh buh buh beet
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Perception of schwa instead of normal vowel in wored marked by part word repetition stutterer
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schwa will be perceived part word repetitions buh buh buh beet
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difficulty starting/sustaining voice/airflow for repetitions normal
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little diffculty
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difficulty starting/sustaining voice/airflow for repetitions stutterer
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break in repetition, interuppted airflow/voice
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Fluency Shaping Techniques
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Easy/gentle onset, airflow therapy, continuous phonation, slow speaking, phrasing/pausing, adjusting complex of utter, progressive relax, adjusting prosody, generalization.
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Cont. Phonation Therapy
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Similar to that heard in fluent people. develop feeling of contronl discourage passive attitude toward stutter encourage assertive attitude.
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Develop feeling fluency
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Cont. phonation-most important variable in person's success w/ therapy, visceral, not measurable feeling confident of ability to perform speech.
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staccato speech
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disconnected abrupt disjointed
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legato speech
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cont. connected overlapping smooth melodic.
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motor learning
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closed loop motor control, open loop motor control
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Closed loop
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uses sense feedback, cont. adjust based on percep
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Closed loop advantages
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promotes accuracy, allows prod. of unpracticed move, promotes multi systems coord.
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Closed loop disadvantages
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slow increased execution time, incresed cog. demands
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open loop
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info precessing occurs prior to move, move are pre-programmed stored in long term mem. not influenced by peripheral feedback
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open loop advantages
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rapid move, decreased cog. demands
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open loop disadvantages
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no error reg. ineefect when percision required.
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Naturalness of speech
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reg. of airflow, phonation, variable artic. rate, inton, intelligibility, changing one changes all others.
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DAF
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delayed auditory feedback-speech fed back to spaker via earphone lay @ delay of 25ms - 300 ms. Used as facilitator not replacement for therapy.
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Incidence
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all people ever reported 5%
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Prevelance
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Amount of people who currently stutter 1%
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Sex ratio
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4:1
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Syllables
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Best way to indicated rate because syllables are constant. used to get fluency ratio.
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Adam's criteria
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3 out of 5 must be present to be an incipent stutterer.
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Mary Ann Peins wanted
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decrease: clinician prep time, amount of patient/clinician contact, time, money, increase: amount of home practice, insure rapid improve, facilitate and maintain improve.
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Double tape recorder therapy
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12 taped lessons over 6 mos., received taped lessons every 2 wks, listen tape daily responds on a new tape.
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Double tape induced
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Self monitoring, inc. auditory awaremes of rate, inc. proprioceptive awareness to voice and artic.
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Total disfluency index
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% stuttered syllables=# of stuttered syllables/total # syllabes spoken baseline data
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Overall speech rate
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total syllables spoken/talk time
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Disflueny type index
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% ind disfluency type=total # disfluencies of ind type/total # syllables.
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engrams
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motor programs stored in long term mem. can be errored/correct corrected by retraining the motor prog.
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Visual stigmata
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eye blinks, lip pursing, facial grimace, flaring of nares, head move, mtoric starters
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Auditory stigmata
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sound repetitions, syllable repetitions, word repetitions, pharse repetitions, prolongations, interjecttions, circumlocuations, hesitations.
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Stutteres slower
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reaction time for auditory stimuli and visual
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No dominant hemisphere
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each will funct. independently
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Neurogenic stuttering
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brain tumors, head trauma, stroke
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Artic disorder in stutterer
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2 1/2 times greater.
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Distinguish between fluent and non fluent
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location and freq of pauses, presence of extra souds, intonation and strees, overall speech rate, rhythmical pattern of speech.
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Fixed ratio
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fixed mumber of responses triggering freq. rewards.
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Central auditory processing
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stutteres perform more poorly on takses requireing detecting onset/offset of tones in presence of masking noise.
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Conditioning
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occurs when a behavior is immediately followed by a reward
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Key factors to learning
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freq., timing, and strength of rewards and punish.
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Anticipation
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ability of stutteres to predict w/ great accuracy which words they will stutter on
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Adaption
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the phenomena where stuttering occurs less and less w/ repeated readings of a passage
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Pro SMT client
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does not require speaking in an abnormal pattern
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Con SMT client
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needs to confront and perform fear producing tasks
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Pro SMT clinician
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therapy tens to be more spontaneuos and enjoyable
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Con SMT clinician
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therapy nonstructured more diff. decisions need to be made. Less data kept for measuring progress for IEP
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Con SMT training prog
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more difficult to teach clinicians
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Pro FST client
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less need to confront and perform fear producing tasks
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Con FST client
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may require speaking in abnormal pattern for a time
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Pro FST clinician
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more structured programs available less planning needed. more data kept for measuring progress for IEP
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Con FST clinician
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therapy can be boring, charting more data
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Pro FST training program
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easier to teach clinicians
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