Flash Cards Usmle 1

Front 1

After an MI, what is the order (chronologically) of elevated enzymes seen?

Back 1

Troponin, CKMB, AST, LDH

Front 2

Sx seen with pericarditis

Back 2

Pericardial pain, friction rub, diffuse ST elevation in all leads, pulsus paradoxus, distant heart sounds, pain relieved when leaning forward

Front 3

Most common primary cardiac tumors in adults

Back 3

Cardiac myxoma (mostly in LA)

Front 4

Most common cardiac tumor in children

Back 4

Rhabdomyoma (seen with tuberous sclerosis)

Front 5

Tumors/signs associated with tuberous sclerosis

Back 5

Rhabdomyoma, astrocytoma, facial angiofibroma, seizures, mental retardation

Front 6

Risk factors associated with papillary necrosis

Back 6

Diabetes, analgesic abuse, urinary tract obstruction, sickle cell disease

Front 7

Where does prostaglandin act in the kidney arterioles

Back 7

Dilates afferent arteriole to increase GFR

Front 8

Equation for GFR

Back 8

(U*V)/P = GFR

GFR(inulin or creatinine)
RPF (PAH)

Front 9

Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with renal cell carcinoma

Back 9

Ectopic EPO, ACTH, PTHrP, prolactin

Front 10

Causes of Transitional cell carcinoma

Back 10

Phenacetin, Smoking, Aniline dyes (naphthalene), Cyclophosphamide

Front 11

Name the location of the baroreceptors and which CN innervates them

Back 11

- Carotid sinus (Glossopharyngeal - IX)
- Aortic Arch (Vagus - X)

Front 12

Identify Nerves for:
1. Gag Reflex
2. Jaw Reflex
3. Corneal Reflex

Back 12

1. Gag = IX; X
2. Jaw = V(mesenteric); V(motor)
3. Corneal = V; VII

Front 13

Epidural Hemorrhage shows what shape on CT scan

Back 13

Biconcave (subdural is crescent shaped)

Front 14

Thrombotic occlusion of IVC or hepative vein w/centrilobular congestion and necrosis leading to congestive liver disease

Back 14

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

Front 15

Mildyly decrease UDP-glucuronyl transferase; elevated unconjugated bilirubin

Back 15

Gilbert's syndrome

Front 16

Elevated conjugated bilirubin (two types)

Back 16

1. Dubin-Johnson (black liver)
2. Rotor syndrome (milder)

Front 17

Self-limited hypothyroidism often following a flu-like illness; tender thyroid

Back 17

Subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain's)

Front 18

Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children

Back 18

Neuroblastoma (but can occur anywhere along the sympathetic chain) - less likely than pheo to develop hypertension

Front 19

Medial Medullary Syndrome

Back 19

Occlusion of anterior spinal artery at the medulla:
1. Contralateral spastic hemiparesis (Corticospinal tract)
2. Contralateral loss of proprioception, touch, vibration in body (medial lemniscus)
3. Ipsilateral paralysis of the tongue (hypoglossal n/nuc)

Front 20

Lateral Medullary Syndrome

Back 20

Occlusion of Post inf cerebellar a.:
1. Spinothalamic tract
2. Loss of vestibular nuclei (nystagmus, diplopia, vertigo, N&V)
3. Lesion of CN IX and X
4. Lesion of descending symp (ipsi horner's)
5. Lesion of CN V (ipsi pain and temp loss in face)

Front 21

Trousseau's Syndrome

Back 21

Migratory thrombophlebitis associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Front 22

Main component of lung surfactant

Back 22

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

Front 23

Cardiologic defects associated with 22q11 syndrome

Back 23

Truncus arteriosus and tetralogy of Fallot

Front 24

Cardiac defects associated with congenital rubella

Back 24

Septal defects, PDA

Front 25

Cardiac defect associated with diabetic mother

Back 25

Transposition of the great vessles

Front 26

Ovarian metastasis of a mucinous adenocarcinoma usually from the stomach presents bilaterally

Back 26

Krukenberg Tumor (signet ring cells)

Front 27

Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Back 27

Amyloidosis (seen in RA), sarcoidosis, postradiation fibrosis, endocardial fibroelastosi, endomyocardial fibrosis (Loeffler's)

Front 28

Neurofibromatosis type I

Back 28

Cafe-au-lait spots, neural tumors, Lisch nodules (pigmented iris hamartomas), scoliosis, pheochromocytoma, increased tumor susceptibility

Front 29

Associated with polyhydramnios associations

Back 29

Duodenal and esophageal atresia

Front 30

Antimitochondrial Antibody

Back 30

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Front 31

DNA Gyrase action

Back 31

Introduce negative supercoils to stabilize an underwound DNA

Front 32

What 3 anti-cholinergic drugs penetrate the BBB

Back 32

Physostigmine, pilocarpine, and parathion

Front 33

What is the only gram (+) bacterium that has endotoxin

Back 33

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 34

Sertonin is made from which amino acid

Back 34

Tryptophan

Front 35

NE and Dopamine is made from which amino acid

Back 35

Tyrosine

Front 36

Charcot Marie Tooth Disease

Back 36

Progressive hereditary disorder that causes nerve damage (neuropathy) by damaging the myelin sheath. Most often affects the legs, arms, hands and feet leading to muscle weakness and loss of muscle bulk

Front 37

Treatment of choice for lyme (borrelia burgdorferi) disease

Back 37

Tetracycline

Front 38

Sertoli cells produce _____

Back 38

Inhibin, Mullerian inhibiting factor, androgen binding protein

Front 39

Meniere's disease

Back 39

Disorder of inner ear that affects hearing, balance, dizziness, and tinnitus. Caused by increase in volume/pressure of the endolymph in the inner ear.
Tx = Decrease salt intake

Front 40

Nystagmus is defined by the direction of the rapid or slow reflex movement?

Back 40

By the rapid movement

Front 41

Describe the caloric stimulation test for nystagmus

Back 41

Head elevated at 30 degrees. Add cool water into external auditory canal, nystagmus to opposite side. Hot water = nystagmus to same side. COWS

Front 42

Function of Tensor tympani and stapedius muscle

Back 42

Contraction reduces the conduction of vibrations through the ossicles to the inner ear (decrease sound)

Front 43

Organ of Corti is located in which specific compartment of the cochlear spiral?

Back 43

Organ of corti lies on the basilar membrane and is bathed by endolymph of the scala media

Front 44

"Locked-in" syndrome has lesion at what site in the brainstem?

Back 44

Pons

Front 45

Tay Sachs (enzyme deficiency; accumulation material)

Back 45

Hexosaminidase A; Ganglioside GM2

Front 46

Gaucher's disease

Back 46

Beta-glucocerebrosidase; glucocerebroside

Front 47

Neimann-Pick disease

Back 47

Sphingomyelinase; sphingomyelin

Front 48

Krabbe's disease

Back 48

Beta-Galactosidase; galactocerebroside

Front 49

Enzyme deficiency in phenylketonuria

Back 49

phenylalanine hydroxylase

Front 50

Guillain Barre mechanism

Back 50

Autoimmune reaction mediated b y Ab that target components of Schwann cells in the PNS

Front 51

Niacin (B3) is derived from which amino acid using which vitamin

Back 51

Derived from tryptophan using vit. B6

Front 52

Von Hippel Lindau

Back 52

1. Hemangioblastoma
2. Renal, pancreatic, hepatic cysts
3. Renal cell carcinoma
4. Pheochromocytoma
5. Autosomal dominant

Front 53

Associations with Sturge-weber syndrome

Back 53

Capillary-venous malformation w/ipsi port-wine stain in trigeminal; Neuroblastoma; glaucoma; affected brain atrophy

Front 54

Arnold-Chiari Malformation (cerebellar tonsils that herniate through foramen magnum) assocations

Back 54

1. Kinking of medulla
2. Aqueductal stenosis/atresia
3. Midbrain malformation
4. Hydrocephalus
5. Spina bifida
6. Meningomyelocele