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5 Cards in this Set
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material deprivation refers to poverty and a lack of material necessities such as inadequate housing and income • There is a close link between poverty and social class as working class families are much more likely to have low income or inadequate housing These can affect their children’s education in several ways : Housing poor housing can affect a child’s achievement directly and indirectly • A direct effect is overcrowding as it makes it harder for a child to study • Overcrowding means less room for educational activities or homework as there would be no room to study • Families living in temporary accommodation may find themselves having to move frequently which can result in disrupted education or a constant change of school |
• An indirect effect can be children in crowded homes run a greater risk of accidents cold or damp housing can also cause ill health • Families in temporary accommodation suffer more from psychological distress, infections and accidents • An factor of this is health problems meaning more absences from school |
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Diet and Health • Howard(2001) notes that young people from poorer households have low intakes of energy , vitamins and minerals poor nutrition affects health resulting in absences from school due to illnesses • children from poorer households are most likely to have behavioural problems which can lead to a negative effect on a child’s education • Blanden & Machin(2007) found that children from low incomes households were most likely to engage in ' externalising ' behaviour such as fighting or temper tantrums |
Financial support and the costs of education • lack of financial support means that children from poorer families have to do without equipment and miss out on experiences • Tanner et al (2003) found that the cost of items such as transport , uniforms , books etc places a heavy burden on poorer families • Smith and Noble (1995) say that poverty acts as a barrier to learning in other ways such as inability to afford private schooling or tuition • lack of funds also means that children from low income families need to work placing a barrier on education as no time will be placed on their schoolwork |
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Fear of debt university involves a debt cover for tuition fee’s , books and living expenses • attitudes towards debt may deter working-class students from going to university as Callender and Jackson found that working class students saw debt as a negative feature that needs to be avoided they also saw more cost than benefits in going to university • Working class students who do go to university are likely to receive less financial support from their families |
investigating material deprivation and underachievement • pupils may not actually know what the material circumstances of their families are , or feel embarrassed talking about living in a low income household • There is no agreement about the particular material items whose lack may result in failure • parents in low income families may feel that they are being blamed for there children’s failure and may not cooperate especially if then researcher comes across as middle class |
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• poor students drop out of universities which means drop out rates are much higher and example of this is at london metropolitan 16.6% of children drop out of university but only 1.5% at oxford • A national Audit office (2002) found that working class students spend twice as much time in paid work to reduce their debts as middle class students |
• in year 7 children of free school meals would get teased for there parents either being a single parent or a parent who has to work a longer duration of hours to fend for their child while others could easily have their parents pay • Smith & Noble (1995) add that poverty acts as a barrier to learning in other ways such as inability to afford private schooling or tuition, and poorer quality local schools |
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• ball (2005) points out how the introduction of marketisation means that those who have more money have a greater choice of state schools because of the selection of mortgage • The existence of private schools means the wealthily can afford a better education. Children from private schools are over represented at universities • Feinstein suggests that low income correlates with low cognitive reasoning did you know ? approximately 20% of the UK children’s live below the uk poverty line |
• Tuition fees and loans are a greater source of anxiety to those of a poorer background as they would feel embarrassed too have to be giving money in order to provide • poverty disadvantages working class pupils and it also makes it harder for them to succeed in life |
