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5 Cards in this Set
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• some sociologists argue that most of us begin to acquire the basic values , attitudes and skills that are needed for educational success through primary socialisation in the family referred too cultural equipment. • cultural equipment includes things such as language , self discipline and reasoning skills. • cultural deprivation theorists found that many working class families fail to socialise their children adequately leading to them growing up being culturally deprived as they lack the cultural equipment in order to achieve in school. |
The three main aspects of cultural deprivation : language • Language is a crucial part of the process of education as the way in which parents communicate with their children effects their cognitive development. • Cultural deprivation theorists see the differences in language as a link to social class , Bereiter and Engelmann (1966) claim that language used in working class homes are inadequate they describe the language used to be small phrases or gestures this results in lack of abstract thinking and a decline in opportunities offered from there selected school. |
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Parents education • Douglas (1964) found that working class parents placed less value on education as a result they were less aspiring , gave less encouragement and took less interest in their education. • However middle class parents tend to be well-educated which means they are able to support the educational needs and support of their child. • Educated parents tend to discipline and set high expectations of their child this is a way of supporting achievement as in encourages active learning on the contrary less educated parents parenting style is more harsh preventing the child from receiving a clear understanding , independence and self control. • Educated parents have the income to spend on educational resources , challenging books and activities that motivate reasoning skills. |
• Whereas working class homes are most likely to lack these resources which means a child at home is most likely to start school without any intellectual development to further their understanding. • Feinstein notes that parental education can have an impact on a child’s achievement regardless of the class and income. • Better educated parents tend to have children who are more successful at school. |
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Working-class subculture • a subculture is a group whose attitudes and values differ from those of the mainstream culture. • Fatalism : a belief in fate this contradicts middle class values , which emphasise that you can change your position through your own efforts. • Collectivism : having more value in a group more than succeeding as an individual. • immediate gratification : exploring your options now rather than making sacrifices in order to get rewards in the future. |
• present - time orientation : seeing the present as more important than the future and so not having long time goals or plans. Compensatory education • They aim to tackle the problem of cultural deprivation by provision of extra resources to school and communities in deprived area’s. • Sesame street was a part of the Operation head start transmitting values , attitudes and skills needed for educational success such as ; punctuality , numeracy and literacy. • Keddie believes cultural deprivation is a myth and a victim blaming explanation she suggests that a child can’t be deprived of its own culture and argues working class children are simply culturally different not culturally deprived. • she believes children fail because they are put at a disadvantage by an education system dominated by middle class values . |
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• Troyna and Williams (1986) argue that the child’s language is not the problem but the schools attitudes towards it. • Teachers have a high speech hierarchy and middle class children are able to adapt to the language as it was introduced to them through primary socialisation. • working class parents are said to be attending fewer parents evenings not because of a lack of interest but because they have longer work hours. |
• working class parents may want to help there child succeed but lack the knowledge in education in order to do so putting their child’s achievement in jeopardy. • Evidence shows that schools with mainly working class pupils have less effective systems of parent-school contacts making it harder for parents to keep in touch with their child’s progress. |
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• middle class values are said to equip their child for future success whereas working class values fail to do so. • working class children internalise the beliefs and values of their subculture through the socialisation process and this results in them underachieving at school. • large sections of the working class have different goals , beliefs , attitudes and values from the rest of society and this is why their children fail at school. |
•Educated parents are more successful in establishing good relationships with teachers and better at guiding children’s interactions with school. • These parents also recognise the educational value of activities such as visiting museums and libraries . |
