Fishes

Front 1

How many species of fish are there?

Back 1

28,000 living species. More than all other species of vertebrates combined.

Front 2

What are 5 examples of animals called fish that are not fish?

Back 2

Jellyfish, cuttlefish, starfish, crayfish, and shellfish

Front 3

What are 5 examples of fish that do not have fish in their name?

Back 3

Seahorses, eels, sharks, rays, and skates

Front 4

What are thought to be the most primitive vertebrates?

Back 4

Fish

Front 5

How were extinct fish unlike today’s fish?

Back 5

Had no scales, paired fins, or jawbone

Front 6

How were jaws thought to have evolved?

Back 6

From the first pair of gill arches (the skeletal elements that support the pharynx)

Front 7

How do paired fins help fish?

Back 7

Increase stability and maneuverability in the water

Front 8

What is the extinct, giant, marine arthrodire placoderm from the late Devonian of Ohio and Tennessee?

Back 8

Dinichthys herzeri

Front 9

What is the body shape of fish and how does it help?

Back 9

Streamlined which allows them to move rapidly

Front 10

What is the coloration in which the dorsal surface is darker than the ventral surface?

Back 10

Countershaded

Front 11

What are fins?

Back 11

Membranous, wing-like or paddle-like organs attached to any of various parts of the body of fish and some other aquatic animals. Used for propulsion, steering, or balance.

Front 12

What is the purpose of the dorsal fin?

Back 12

Balance, staying upright

Front 13

What is the purpose of the caudal fin?

Back 13

Forward movement

Front 14

What is the function of the anal fin?

Back 14

Balance

Front 15

What is the function of the pelvic fin?

Back 15

Steering

Front 16

What is the function of the pectoral fin?

Back 16

Steering

Front 17

What is a description of fish circulation?

Back 17

Have a two-chambered heart and single-loop blood circulation

Front 18

What is homeostasis?

Back 18

The maintaining of concentrations of salt and water that differ from their environment

Front 19

What type of regulators are marine bony fishes?

Back 19

Hypoosmotic

Front 20

What type of regulators are freshwater fish?

Back 20

Hyperosmotic

Front 21

What are fish eyes similar to?

Back 21

The eyes of land vertebrates

Front 22

What do most fish not have that many sharks do?

Back 22

Eyelids

Front 23

What is chemoreception?

Back 23

The ability to detect chemicals in the environment

Front 24

Fish have nares. What are they?

Back 24

Nostrils

Front 25

Where are taste buds found?

Back 25

In the fish’s mouth or on lips, fins, skin, and barbels

Front 26

What are barbels?

Back 26

Whisker-like organs

Front 27

What are neuromasts?

Back 27

Receptor organs highly sensitive to vibration and water currents

Front 28

What is Ampullae of Lorenzini?

Back 28

Organs located in the cartilaginous fish’s head and can detect the bioelectric fields generated by living animals (muscles)

Front 29

What is the definition of poikilotherms?

Back 29

Body temperature adjusts depending on the environment

Front 30

What are ectotherms?

Back 30

Animals that primarily gain heat through the environment

Front 31

About how many species are in superclass Agnatha?

Back 31

108

Front 32

What do Agnatha lack?

Back 32

Jaws, internal ossification, scales, and paired fins

Front 33

What are hagfish?

Back 33

Marine, bottom-dwellers, scavengers, or predators, that feed on dead or dying fish. They are blind

Front 34

How does a hagfish enter a dead or dying animal?

Back 34

Through an orifice or by digging into the body and rips and eats pieces using two toothed, keratinized plates on its tongue that fold together in a pincher-like action

Front 35

What makes up class Petromyzontida?

Back 35

38 species is Lampreys

Front 36

Marine species of lampreys are anadromous. What does that mean?

Back 36

They leave the sea where they spend adult lives and swim upstream to spawn

Front 37

How long do parasitic freshwater lampreys live?

Back 37

Adults live 1-2 years before spawning and then die

Front 38

How long do anadromous lampreys live?

Back 38

2-3 years

Front 39

Nonparasitic lampreys do not feed after emerging as adults. What happens to their digestive tract?

Back 39

It degenerates to a nonfunctional strand of tissue

Front 40

What makes up class Chondrichthyes?

Back 40

Sharks, rays, skates, and chimeras, mostly marine. Only 28 species live primarily in freshwater

Front 41

What is the term for an animal that gains heat through the environment?

Back 41

Endotherm

Front 42

What is another term for nekton; refers to animals that spend their time swimming through ocean waters?

Back 42

Pelagic

Front 43

What is the name for the group of jawed vertebrates?

Back 43

Gnathostomata

Front 44

What is a group of extinct armored fish?

Back 44

Placoderms

Front 45

What term refers to the bottom-dwelling animals that spend their time at the bottom surface of the ocean?

Back 45

Benthic

Front 46

What are the openings behind the eyes of rays used to bring in water for respiration?

Back 46

Spiracles

Front 47

What is the hard plate that covers the gills of bony fish?

Back 47

Operculum

Front 48

What is the body shape of a shark? (Designed to reduce water resistance)

Back 48

Fusiform

Front 49

What is the colorful, venomous fish species that has invaded the Atlantic?

Back 49

Lion fish

Front 50

What are the modified pelvic fins on male cartilaginous fish?

Back 50

Claspers

Front 51

Bony fish use this gas-filled organ for buoyancy

Back 51

Swim bladder

Front 52

What organ is used in sharks to remove excess sodium and chloride ions from the body?

Back 52

Rectal gland

Front 53

What type of scales do sharks have?

Back 53

Placoid

Front 54

What is the time period known as the Age of Fishes?

Back 54

Devonian

Front 55

What are the smooth circular scales often found on bony fish?

Back 55

Cycloid

Front 56

What is the parasitic fish that has devastated many Great Lakes Fisheries?

Back 56

Sea Lamprey