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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
[ respiration ] fish must be much more efficient in their... |
uptake of oxygen (water is oxygen-poor) |
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[ respiration ] gill arch |
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[ respiration ] gill filaments |
a.k.a. primary lamellae
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[ respiration ] secondary lemellae |
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[ respiration ] countercurrent flow |
water flow and blood flow occurs in opposite directions creating concentration gradient from high to low pressure |
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[ respiration ] advantage of countercurrent flow |
oxygenated water is contacting poorly oxygenated blood, giving it more oxygen |
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[ respiration ] what are the 2 basic ways fish move water across gill membranes? |
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[ respiration ] gill pumping |
synchronized pressure changes in the buccaneers and opercular chambers |
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[ respiration ] ram ventilation |
keeping mouth open while swimming |
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[ respiration ] aerial respiration |
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[ respiration ] facultative vs. obligate aerial respiration |
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[ buoyancy regulation ] what is buoyancy regulation? |
maintaining a position in the water column |
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[ buoyancy regulation ] gas bladder |
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[ buoyancy regulation ] physostomous gas bladder |
retain the pneumatic duct |
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[ buoyancy regulation ] physoclistous gas bladder |
pneumatic duct is not retained (MOST fishes)
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[ buoyancy regulation ] neutrally buoyant |
maintain position in water column without expending energy |
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[ buoyancy regulation ] most gas bladders have an oval body that is... |
highly vascularized
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[ buoyancy regulation ] gas release in physostomes |
release gas through the esophagus and out of the mouth |
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[ buoyancy regulation ] gas release in physoclists |
release gas through the bloodstream |
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[ buoyancy regulation ] gas addition |
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[ buoyancy regulation ] rete mirable (gas addition) |
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list the 3 functions of the gas bladder |
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[ locomotion ] define locomotion |
how an organism moves through its environment |
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[ locomotion ] most efficient fish body type |
fusiform (torpedo-shaped) |
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[ locomotion ] myomeres |
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[ feeding ] pharyngeal jaws |
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[ feeding ] jaw protrusion |
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[ feeding ] suction feeding |
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[ feeding ] Elasmobranchii jaw protrusion |
consist of a Palatoquadrate (upper jaw) that is not connected to the skull |
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[ feeding ] gill rakers |
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[ reproduction and development ] what are the 2 defining, important characteristics of reproduction and development? |
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[ reproduction and development ] larval stage |
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[ reproduction and development ] fish life stages |
fertilized egg → larvae → juvenile → adult |
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[ reproduction and development ] indeterminate growth |
increase in size throughout life (rapid in early growth and slows down as specimen gets older |
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[ reproduction and development ] list the 3 influences of indeterminate growth |
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[ reproduction and development ] influences of indeterminate growth: reproduction |
reproductive success increases with size
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[ reproduction and development ] external fertilization |
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[ reproduction and development ] spawning |
females release eggs into water and male fertilizes them |
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[ reproduction and development ] internal fertilization |
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[ reproduction and development ] clasper |
modified pelvic fins used in internal fertilization |
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[ reproduction and development ] Poeciliids have a ____________ for mating, which is.... |
gonopodium, which is a modification of a clasper |
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[ reproduction and development ] oviparous |
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[ reproduction and development ] viviparous |
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[ reproduction and development ] list the 3 ways of getting nourishment in viviparous fishes |
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[ reproduction and development ] ovoviviparous |
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[ reproduction and development ] the larval stage begins when... |
begins when they switch from egg yolk to feeding on an external food source (free swimming stage) |
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[ reproduction and development ] juvenile stage |
resemble miniature version of adult form |
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[ reproduction and development ] list 2 deviations from normal reproductive stages |
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[ reproduction and development ] adult stage |
attainment of sexual maturity |
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sensory systems list the 4 sensory systems |
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sensory systems: hearing otoliths |
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sensory systems: hearing Weberian ossicles |
connect gas bladder to inner ear and otolith |
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sensory systems: lateral line system lateral line system |
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sensory systems: lateral line system neuromast cells |
provide spatial awareness and allow fish to navigate in space |
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sensory systems: vision a fish lens is ______, rather than ______ like it is in terrestrial vertebrates |
round, rather than oval |
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sensory systems: vision lens |
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sensory systems: vision retina |
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sensory systems: vision list the 2 types of photoreceptors found in the retina and what types of reception they are responsible for |
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sensory systems: vision tapetum lucidum |
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sensory systems: smell nasal sacs |
contain olfactory receptors |
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sensory systems: smell list the 4 functions of smell |
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electroreception what is electroreception? |
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electroreception electrocytes |
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magnetic reception what is magnetic reception? |
the ability to detect earth's magnetic field |