Fish And Other Ocean Life Incomplete

Front 1

what are some characteristics shared by most fish/

Back 1

1. cold blooded
2. gills to breathe2
3. hearth w/ 2 chambers
4. fins for swimming

Front 2

what is ichthyology?

Back 2

the study of fish

Front 3

what is the smallest known fish? the largest?

Back 3

smallest: Pandaka pygmaea (of the philippenes)

largest: whale shark

Front 4

where do most fish live?

Back 4

on or near the continental shelf

Front 5

in 1978, a research group lowered baited traps and a camera through the Ross Ice Shelf to a depth of 600 m below sea level to discover many new species of fish. Where is the Ross Ice Shelf located?

Back 5

in Antarctica

Front 6

what is a living fossil?

Back 6

any organism that was once thought to be extinct but was actually found to be alive

Front 7

what are 2 fish that can walk on land?

Back 7

catfish and lungfish; they can breathe air

Front 8

where are the nostrils of most fish located?

Back 8

in the front, behind the mouth opening

Front 9

can fish hear?

Back 9

yes, much in the same way as humans, but there are significant differences

Front 10

why are the electric eels called that?

Back 10

they generate a potential difference (voltage), sometimes up to 600 V to shock and immobilize prey

Front 11

what are Oteichthyes and Chondrichthyes

Back 11

Oteichthyes- bony fish (90% of fish)

Chondrichthyes- cartilignous fish (10%)

Front 12

in what kingdom and phylum are fish?

Back 12

Kingdom Animalia and Phylum Chordata

Front 13

give an example of a fish that is bony and cartilaginous

Back 13

the coelacanth (a fish that was thought to be extinct at one time)

Front 14

what are some examples of Osteichthyes (bony fish)?

Back 14

tuna, sailfish, eels, cod, salmon

Front 15

what is a prehensile tail?

Back 15

a tail that can wrap around things, such as the tail of a seahorse

Front 16

what is the brood pouch?

Back 16

an opening in a male seahorse's abdomen where eggs are placed and eventually hatch

Front 17

what fish are called the "hitchhikers of the oceans"? why?

Back 17

remoras, because they take rides on sharks and other marine mammals in a mutualistic relationship where the remora eats parasites and leftover food that surrounds the host

Front 18

what spiny fish can inflate itself to as much as 3 times its normal size to ward off would be predators?

Back 18

the spiny pufferfish

Front 19

what are gobies?

Back 19

the largest group of predominantly ocean fish

Front 20

the four eyed fish. why should you know about it for Ocean Bowl?

Back 20

it has two eyes that are essentially split in two (hence, the name four eyed fish). the upper part is for seeing in the air; the lower part is for seeing underwater, allowing it to see both places at the same time

Front 21

what fish is often called one of the "ugliest sea creatures"?

Back 21

the anglerfish, because they are flabby, lump, with huge mouths filled with sharp long irregular teeth

Front 22

True or fAlse: Chondrichthyes have no swim bladders, so they must keep moving or else they will sink

Back 22

True

Front 23

what is the difference between cartilage and bone?

Back 23

cartilage is softer and more flexible than bone, but still strong enough to support the body

Front 24

what is the skin of a shark like?

Back 24

it looks smooth and slippery, but it's covered with sharp scales

Front 25

what is the largest shark?

Back 25

the whale shark

Front 26

what is considered to be the "least dangerous" shark? what is the "most dangerous"?

Back 26

least dangerous: the whale shark
most dangerous: the great white shark

Front 27

each year, about how many people are attacked by sharks?

Back 27

100

Front 28

what kind of a shark was the one in _Jaws_ ?

Back 28

great white shark?

Front 29

T or F: it is estimated that in any given year, more people in the US are killed by pigs than sharks

Back 29

True

Front 30

what is the favorite prey of great white sharks?

Back 30

elephant seals

Front 31

why is the shark's immune system considered unique?

Back 31

sharks can ward off almost any disease, including cancer

Front 32

what are the Agnathans?

Back 32

lampreys and hagfish; jawless cartilaginous fish that grasp or suck

Front 33

T or F: hagfish and lampreys are parasitic

Back 33

True

Front 34

what phylum are flatworms?

Back 34

Platyhelminthes

Front 35

what phylum are ribbon worms?

Back 35

Nemertea

Front 36

what phylum are round worms?

Back 36

Aschelminthes

Front 37

what phylum are peanut worms?

Back 37

Sipuncula

Front 38

what phylum are arrow worms?

Back 38

Chaetognatha

Front 39

what phylum are segmented worms?

Back 39

Annelida

Front 40

what are the longest known worms?

Back 40

the ribbon worms

Front 41

how are comb jellies different from jellyfish?

Back 41

1. comb jellies cannot sting
2. comb jellies are divided into 8 sections by cilia
3. comb jellies move forward and backward; jellyfish can only move vertically

Front 42

what are brachiopods?

Back 42

invertebrates with bivalve shells; a pair of arms inside its shell attached with tentacles used to capture food particles. ex: lampshells

Front 43

what are collar cells?

Back 43

flagellated cells that beat and draw in H2O from which they absorb and digest food

Front 44

what are amebocytes?

Back 44

transport cells in sponges that take food and other particles through the mesoglea to destination cells

Front 45

what is the osculum?

Back 45

excurrent pores in sponges through which wastes and water are expelled

Front 46

what is the spicule?

Back 46

a rigid structure that gives a sponge form and is made of silicon or CaCO3 (lime)

Front 47

what is spongin?

Back 47

flexible material in sponges that adds strength and rigidity

Front 48

describe asexual reproduction in sponges.

Back 48

it occurs by budding: gemmules (small mass of spicules and amebocytes) break off and regenerate the rest of the sponge

Front 49

describe sexual reproduction in sponges

Back 49

sperm cells pass out of an excurrent pore of one sponge and are picked up by an incurrent pore of another sponge; sperm cells are ingested by collar cells and transferred to amebocytes, which carry the sperm to egg, eventually forming a zygote. the zygote is released and it settles on the sea floor and grows

Front 50

how many cells layers does a hydra have?

Back 50

2, ectoderm and endoderm (mesoglea is the region in between)

Front 51

What large dolphin is the world's most widely distributed mammal?

Back 51

Killer whale

Front 52

what's the leopoard seal's main prey?

Back 52

penguins

Front 53

What small bird migrates from the Arctic to the Antarctic and spends the most anmount of time in the sun?

Back 53

Arctic Turn

Front 54

what's the largest predatory sea fish?

Back 54

great white shark

Front 55

T or F: all life in the sea is ultimately dependant upon sunlight for energy

Back 55

F; HTV communities

Front 56

what brightly colored, orange and white fish are adapted to live among anemones?

Back 56

clownfish

Front 57

what invertebrates swim strong enough to be classified as nekton?

Back 57

squid

Front 58

which shark holds the record for being the world's largest fish

Back 58

whale shark

Front 59

what fish escapes predators by gliding with pectoral fins?

Back 59

flying fish

Front 60

do non floating non swimming oranisms dwell in the pelagic or benthic zone?

Back 60

benthic

Front 61

T or f: animals that are attached to the sea floor are typically carnivrous

Back 61

false; filter feeders

Front 62

which whale produces the longest, most complex sound sequence of any animal

Back 62

humpback whale

Front 63

what small mangrove dwelling fish knocks insects out of the water by spitting water at them?

Back 63

archer fish

Front 64

T or F: when O2 becomes low on seawater, most organisms come to breathe air

Back 64

false