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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How are crime scenes documented and analyzed? |
1. Sketching the scene to scale 2. Recording; picture or video |
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What are the duties of a crime scene investigators? |
1. locate evidence 2. determine if evidence is worthy of preservation 3. determine how evidence should be collected |
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Name 3 common terms used at a crime scene. |
chain of custody contamination cross contamination impression evidence latent print trace evidence |
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What are the 4 types of photos taken at a crime scene? |
1. In relation to other items 2. Up-Close 3. With scale 4. Without scale |
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What is a chain of custody? |
Chronological documentation showing the custody of evidence |
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What is a physical match? |
A fracture match determining if evidence originates from the same source |
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What type of materials may produce a physical match? |
1. wood 2. glass 3. cloth |
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Why are physical matches considered unique evidence? |
Materials exhibit unique characteristics |
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What are the 3 possible outcomes for physical matches? |
Non-match, match or inconclusive |
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What are surface features? Name 2 examples. |
Features that aid in a physical match such as image, lettering, color, patterns, or markings. |
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What is a toolmark? |
A scratch or microscopic marking left by the action of a tool |
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How are searches done for impression evidence? |
Crime scene investigators walk in a specific pattern to minimize contamination. |
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What are examples of 2D impressions? |
blood and fingerprints |
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What are examples of 3D impressions? |
castings and molds left by footprints or tire tread |
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How are 2D impressions collected? |
Lifted using tape |
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How are 3D impressions collected? |
By making a mold or cast |
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How is impression evidence individualized? |
Wear, use, environment, manufacturer error |
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What is a positive impression? |
A dirty footprint on a clean surface. |
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What is a negative impression? |
Clean footprints on a dirty surface |
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Where do fingerprints come from? |
Oily surfaces or natural oil in skin being transferred from surface to surfaces |
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When are friction ridges formed? |
During the 9th and 10th week of fetal development |
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What are latent prints? |
Invisible prints that can be recovered with powered. |
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What are patent prints? |
Visible prints because of previous staining |
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What are plastic prints? |
3D impressions such as in clay |
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How are fingerprints identified? |
Using minutiae (small features) |
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What are the 3 friction ridge patterns? |
loops, whorl, arches |
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What are loops? |
enter from one side, curves, exits same side one delta |
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What are whorls? |
elliptical pattern two deltas |
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What are arches? |
enter one side and exit other side no side |
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What is a class characteristic? |
Specific group source not associated with a single source or common origin |
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What are individual characteristics? |
features associated with a unique source |
