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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When does the midgut herniate through the umbilical ring?
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6th week
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When does the midgut return to the abdominal cavity
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10th week
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Gastroschisis
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extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds
not covered by peritoneum R of umbilicus |
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Omphaloceme
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persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord
covered by peritoneum |
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Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula
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most common TE anomaly
drooling, choking, vomiting Allows air to enter stomach-->see on CXR Cyanosis secondary to laryngospasm Clinical test=failure to pass NG tube |
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Congenital pyloric stenosis
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hypertrophy of pylorus-->obstruction
Palpable "olive" mass in epigastric region Non-bilious projectile vomiting at ~2 weeks of age More often in firstborn males |
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Retroperitoneal structions
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Adrenal gland
Aorta IVC Dudoenum (2nd and 3rd parts) Pancreas (except tail) Ureters Colon (desc. and asc.) Kidneys Esophagus (lower 2/3) Rectum (lower 2/3) |
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What vessels are in the falciform ligament?
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ligamentum teres hepatis (from fetal umbilical vein)
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Hepatoduodenal ligament contains?
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portal triad: hepatic artery, portal vein, common bile duct
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Gastrohepatic ligament contains?
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gastric arteries
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What makes up the lesser omentum?
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Gastrohepatic ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament
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Gastrocolic ligament contains?
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gastroepiploic arteries
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Gastrosplenic ligament contains?
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short gastric
left gastroepiploic vessels |
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Splenorenal ligament contains?
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splenic artery and vein
tail of pancreas |
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Intraperitoneal organs
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stomach
liver and GB spleen first 2cm of duodenum tail of pancreas jejunum appendix transverse colon |
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What is in the free edge of the lesser omentum?
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common bile duct
portal vein hepatic artery |
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Foregut innervation
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Vagus nerve
Thoracic splanchinic nerves T5-T9 celiac ganglion |
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Midgut innervation
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Vagus nerve
T9-T12 Superior mesenteric ganglion |
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Hindgut innervation
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Pelvic splanchinic nerves
L1-L2 Inferior mesenteric ganglion |
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Referred pain in the gut tube divisions
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Foregut: epigastrium
Midgut: umbilical Hindgut: hypogastrium |
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Collateral circulation of the abdominal arteries
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Superior epigastric (internal thoracic/mammary)--inferior epigastric (external iliac)
Superior pancraeticoduodenal (celiac trunk)--inf. pancreaticoduodenal (SMA) Middle colic (SMA)--Left colic (IMA) Superior rectal (IMA)--middle and infe. rectal (internal iliac) |
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What cells secrete gastrin?
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G cells (antrum of the stomach)
also duodenum and pancreas |
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What stimulates gastrin secretion?
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Stomach distention
Stomach alkalinization Amino acids peptides vagal stimulation |
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What inhibits gastrin secretion?
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decreased stomach pH (<1.5)
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What is the function of gastrin?
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Incr. gastric H+ secretion
Incr. growth of gastric mucosa Incr. gastric motility Incr. pepsinogen |
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CCK source
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I cells (duodenum and jejunum)
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What stimulates the secretion of CCK?
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fatty acids
amino acids |
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function of CCK
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incr. pancreatic secretion
incr. GB contraction decr. gastric emptying incr. sphincter of oddi relaxation incr. bile production (liver) |
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Secretin source?
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S cells (duodenum)
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what stimulates secretin release?
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acid and fatty acids in lumen
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function of secretin
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incr. pancreatic HCO3- secretion
decr. gastric acid secretion incr. bile secretion |
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Somatostatin source
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D cells (pancreatic islets, GI mucosa)
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what stimulates somatostatin release?
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acid
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what inhibits somatostatin release?
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vagal stimulation
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Somatostatin function
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decr. gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion
Decr. pancreatic and small intestine fluid secretion decr. GB contraction Decr. insulin and glucagon release |
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GIP source
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K cells (duodenum, jejunum)
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what stimulates GIP release?
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fatty acids
amino acids oral glucose |
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function of GIP
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decr. gastric H+ secretion
Incr. insulin release |
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VIP source
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parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, GB, small intestine
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What stimulates VIP release?
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distention and vagal stimulation
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What inhibits VIP release?
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adrenergic input
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What is the function of VIP?
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incr. intestinal water and electrolyte secretion
Incr. relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters |
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Nitric oxide function on GI tract
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Incr. smooth muscle relaxation, including LES sphincter
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Motilin source
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small intestines
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What stimulates motilin release?
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incr. in fasting state
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Motilin function
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migrating motor complexes
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What receptor does ACh bind to and what is the signal transduction pathway?
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M3 receptor (also in lung)
Gq-->incr. IP3 and Ca+2 |
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What rec. does gastrin bind to and what is the signal transduction pathway?
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CCKB receptor
Gq |
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What rec. does Histamine bind to and what is it's signaling pathway?
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H2 rec.
cAMP |
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What inhibits parietal cell HCl secretion?
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Prostaglandin
Misoprostol Somatostatin Gi |
