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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Myeloid stem cells give rise to?
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Myeloblasts(precursor of neurophils, eosinophils,basophils)
Monoblasts(monocytes) Megakaryoblast (platelet) |
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What is polycythemia?
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increased # RBCs
(seen in thalasemmias) |
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How does the erythyrocyte get energy?
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Glucose(90% anaeroically degraded to lactate; 10% by HMP shunt)
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What 4 things do basophils contain?
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1. heparin
2. histamine 3.other vasoactive amines 4. leukotrienes (LTD-4) |
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5 causes of eosinophilia:
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1. Neoplastic
2. Anemia 3. Allergy 4. Collagen vascular disease 5. Parasites NAACP |
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2 markers on B cells.
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CD19
CD20 |
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T cell markers.
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CD3 + either CD4 or CD8.
MHC1 = CD8, MHC2 = CD4 |
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What does Factor V Leiden cause?
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Resistance to activated protein C (Can't inhibit coagulation).
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Spherocytes
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Hereditary spherocytosis
Autoimmune hemolysis |
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Helmet cell, schistocyte
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DIC
Traumatic hemolysis |
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Teardrop cell
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Myeloid metapasia with myelofibrosis
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Acanthocyte
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Spiny appearnce in abetalipoproteinemia
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Target cells.
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HALT
HbC disease Asplenia Liver Disease Thalassemia |
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Poikilocytes
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Nonuniform shapes.
Seen in: TTP/HUS Microvascular damage DIC |
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Burr cell
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TTP
HUS |
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Psammoma body
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Laminated, concentric, calcific spherules seen ins
Papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid Serous ovary Meningioma Mesothelioma |
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Order of hematopoiesis
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1. Yolk sac (3 weeks)
2. Liver (1 mon-7 mon) 3. Spleen/lymphatic (2-4 mon) 4. Bone marrow (>4 mon) |
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Microcytic anemia
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Iron def.
Thalassemias Lead poisoning Sideroblastic anemia |
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What is a sign of RBC hemolysis?
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Decreased haptoglobin and
increased serum LDH. |
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Crew cut appearnce of skull on x-ray?
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Sickle cell
beta-thalassemia Way to expand marrow d/t decreased RBC lifespan. |
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Signs of hemolytic anemia
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1. increased bilirubin
2. jaundice 3. pigment gallstones 4. increased retic ct |
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Warm agglutinin is Ig_
cold agglutins is Ig_ |
Warm - IgG
Cold - IgM |
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Hereditary spherocytosis
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extravascular hemolysis d/t spectrin/ankyrin defect.
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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Intravascular hemolysis due to membrane defect. Increased RBC sensitivity to complement.
Increased urine hemosiderin. |
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7 causes of DIC
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1. Sepsis
2. Trauma 3. Obstetric 4. Acute Pancreatitis 5. Malignancy 6. Nephroic syndrome 6. Transfusion (STOP Making New Thrombii) |
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Bernard-Soulier disease
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Decreased GP Ib. defect in platelet adhesion
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
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defect in platelet aggregation (decreased GP IIb-IIIa)
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Hodgkins' Lymphoma
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RS cells (CD30+, CD15+)
Contiguous spread Mediastinal lyhmphadenopathy 50% assoc c EBV More common in men except for nodular sclerosing type. |
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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
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Assoc with HIV and Immunosuppresion
Noncontiguous spread Fewer constiuttions s/s. Peak incidence 20-40 |
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Multiple myeloma
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Monoclonal plasma cell
Fried egg appearnce IgG Punched-out lytic bone lesions Bence Jones (light chains in urine) Rouleau formation |
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Follicular lymphoma (non-hodgkins) chromosome
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t(14:18)
blc-2 expression |
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Mantle cell lymphoma (NH) chromosome
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t(11:14)
Cd5+ = poor prognosis |
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Burkitt's lymphoma(NH)
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t(8,14)
c-myc Starry-sky appearance |
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t(9,22)
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Philadelphia
CML bcr-abl hybrid |
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t(14;18)
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Follicular lymphoma (NH)
bcl-2 activation |
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t(15;17)
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M3 type of AML
Acute promyelocytic leukemia Responds to all-trans-retinoic acid |
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t(11;22)
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Ewing's sarcome
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t(11:14)
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Mantle cell lymphoma
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Auer rods
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AML
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Smudge cells
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CLL
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TRAP stain
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Hairy cell leukemia (B cell)
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L1
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ALL - null
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L2
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T-cells
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L3
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B cells
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M2 and M3
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Neurophils and basophils
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M4 and M5
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Monocytes
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M6
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erythyrocytes
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M7
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platelets
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Histiocytosis X
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Langerhans cells infiltrate lung.
Young adults. Worse with smoking |
