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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three Objectives of first aid
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To Prevent: further injury, infection, loss of life |
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8 Fundamental Elements of First Aid
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Bleeding Burns Fractures Electric Shock Obstructed Airways Heat related injuries Cold weather injuries Shock |
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Four methods of controlling bleeding
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Direct pressure, elevation, pressure points, tourniquet (last resort).
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What is a pressure point?
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Point on the body where a main artery lies. Near the skin surface/over a bone. Applying physical pressure reduces or stops blood flow to areas of the body.
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Name pressure points and locations (11) |
Superficial temporal artery (temple) Facial Artery (jaw) Common carotid artery (neck) Subclavian artery (collar bone) 2 Brachial artery (inner upper arm and inner elbow) Radial/Ulnar artery (wrist) Femoral artery (upper thigh) Iliac artery (groin) Popliteal artery (knee) Anterior/Posterior tibial artery (ankle) |
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Three classifications of burns and traits |
First - Redness, warmth, mild pain Second - Red blistered skin, severe pain Third - Destroys tissue/skin/bone, severe pain may be absent due to nerve damage. |
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Two types of fractures and traits |
Closed/Simple - broken bone, no break in skin Open/Compound - break in skin with possible bone protrusion |
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Define electric shock |
Person comes into contact with electric energy source. Injuries range from little/no evidence to severe trauma/cardiac arrest. |
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Indications of obstructed airway |
Inability to talk Grasping/pointing to the throat Exaggerated breathing efforts Bluish skin color |
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Two common types of heat related injuries
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Heat exhaustion Heat stroke |
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Describe heat exhaustion and symptoms. |
Serious disturbance of blood flow to the brain/heart/lungs. Skin is cool, moist, clammy Pupils dilated Body temp is normal or high, sweating profusely |
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Describe heat stroke and symptoms.
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Breakdown of the body's sweating mechanism. Unable to elimiate excessive body heat buildup. Hot/dry skin Uneven pupil dialtion Weak/rapid pulse |
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What are the three types of cold weather injuries?
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Hypothermia, superficial and deep frostbite. |
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Desribe hypothermia and symptoms
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General cooling of the whole body caused by exposure to low or rapidly falling temperature or ice. Pale, unconscious, mistaken for dead Breathing is slow/shallow Faint or undetectable pulse Rigid body tissue, stiff arms/legs |
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Describe superficial frostbite
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Ice crystals form in the upper skin layers after exposure to temp of 32 degrees or lower.
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Describe deep frostbite
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Ice crystals form in the deeper tissure layers after exposure to temp of 32 degrees or lower.
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What are the 5 types of shock? Describe.
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Septic - bacteria releases toxins in the blood Anaphylactic - allergic reaction Cardiogenic - damaged heart unable to supply sufficient blood to the body Hypovolemic - severe blood/fluid loss Neurogenic - Spinal cord injury |
