Fine Arts - Chapter 9

Front 1

The Italian Renaissance originated in Florence during the early fifteenth _______

Back 1

century

Front 2

Renaissance means _______

Back 2

rebirth

Front 3

Though magnificent sculpture and architecture were produced, ________ dominated the art of the Renaissance

Back 3

painting

Front 4

When looking at works from the early Renaissance they appear ____ and __________, but in reality it was an era of extreme stress and conflict

Back 4

calm and harmonious

Front 5

________ became the political and intellectual leader among Italian cities and was led by the ______ family

Back 5

Florence; Medici

Front 6

Designed the crowning jewel of the Florentine cityscape, called the cupola or the dome of its cathedral

Back 6

Filippo Brunelleschi

Front 7

Typical of the artistic genius of the Renaissance, Brunelleschi was a _________, ________, _____________, _____ _______, and _________

Back 7

goldsmith, sculptor, mathematician, clock builder, and architect

Front 8

He discovered a way of accurately showing _____-___________ _________ or _______ on a flat sheet of paper

Back 8

three-dimensional buildings or objects

Front 9

His greatest achievement was in ____________, where he initiated a new style of building

Back 9

architecture

Front 10

He went to ____ to study remains of ancient roman buildings and came back to Florence with his own ideas

Back 10

Rome

Front 11

Brunelleschi won a ___________ to design a mammoth dome over the cathedral

Back 11

competition

Front 12

The dome is enormous, ___ feet in diameter and rises ___ feet above the floor

Back 12

140; 300

Front 13

Brunelleschi also designed a system of ______ that eliminated the need for ramps and scaffolding

Back 13

hoists

Front 14

He used basic ________ ______ and simple __________

Back 14

geometric shapes; proportions

Front 15

Sculptors in the early part of the fifteenth century also learned many lessons from _______ ____

Back 15

Ancient Rome

Front 16

Sculptors once again began to place emphasis on ______, _______, and ___________ of the _____ ______

Back 16

beauty, harmony, and proportions of the human figure

Front 17

The 21 year old Ghiberti won the competition for the design and sculpting of the _____ _____ of the _________ __ ________

Back 17

north doors; baptistry of Florence

Front 18

The two doors took __ _____ to complete

Back 18

20 years

Front 19

The doors have __ panels that illustrate stories from the ___ _________ as well as other figures

Back 19

28; New Testament

Front 20

These doors were Ghiberti's masterpiece, later called ___ _____ __ ________

Back 20

The Gates of Paradise

Front 21

The doors are cast in ______, covered in ____

Back 21

bronze; gold

Front 22

He emerged as the greatest sculptor of his time and as one of the greatest to ever live

Back 22

Donatello

Front 23

Used the ___________ of the Greeks to suggest action and his figures seem capable of movement

Back 23

contraposto

Front 24

Many of Donatello's figures, sculpted in either bronze or marble, looked out over the _____ _____ of Florentines

Back 24

daily lives

Front 25

The statue of _____ was the first life size, freestanding nude statue since ancient times

Back 25

David

Front 26

Donatello's faces are usually very expressive, but David's face seems ____ and ______

Back 26

calm and serene

Front 27

The statue of David was designed to be viewed from ___ ______ and to stand free from any wall or niche

Back 27

all angles

Front 28

A young man named ________ painted a chapel wall in Florence and that is when Renaissance painting began

Back 28

Masaccio

Front 29

He revolutionized the art of painting when he was in his mid twenties

Back 29

Masaccio

Front 30

Studied the International style of _______ and combined visual perspective and fascination with texture

Back 30

Fabriano

Front 31

_______ _____, as fresco in the church of Santa Maria del Carmine, is one of several paintings done by the young genius before his death at the age of 27

Back 31

Tribute Money

Front 32

Tribute Money is a ___ _________ ____________ that depicts three succeeding events at the same time

Back 32

New Testament illustration

Front 33

Masaccio used _____ as never before seen in a painting. A ______ ______ of light

Back 33

light; single source

Front 34

No longer is there any indication of _________ or ________ _____

Back 34

flatness or invented light

Front 35

Fra Angelico's real name was _____ _____. He entered the ________ _____ and changed his name to Fra Angelico. Fra means ______

Back 35

Guido Piero; Dominion order; father

Front 36

He was a painter in the late ______ _________

Back 36

Gothic tradition

Front 37

Angelico was the Florentine master of __________ ________, as seen in the _________ __ ___ ____, a _____ (a painting round in shape) painted in tempera on wood

Back 37

landscape painting; Adoration of the Magi; tondo

Front 38

Perspective was of such great concern to _______ that he once made a linear diagram of a seventy-two sided polyhedron (a solid figure with many plane faces)

Back 38

Uccello

Front 39

Uccello's fascination with this scientific aspect of painting can be seen in ___ ______ __ ___ ______

Back 39

The Battle of San Romano

Front 40

This complex composition is one part of a _____ _____ ________ now in three separate museums

Back 40

three panel painting

Front 41

___ ______ __ ___ ______ is a study in pattern, contrasting values, and perspective

Back 41

The Battle of San Romano

Front 42

Uccello uses ______________ to create the feeling of the body pointing toward the viewer

Back 42

foreshortening

Front 43

Most famous for his painting, Birth of Venus (water and shell represent baptism and Venus represents humanity)

Back 43

Sandro Botticelli

Front 44

Huge painting that is an example of a sense based on ___________ _________

Back 44

traditional mythology

Front 45

Born in northern Italy, he became a polished artist by the time he was 17

Back 45

Andrea Mantegna

Front 46

He learned from the __________ artists who visited the north

Back 46

Florentine

Front 47

Showed a great interest in ___ _____ ___________

Back 47

one point perspective

Front 48

In Mantegna's painting, Dead Christ, he used extreme ______________

Back 48

foreshortening

Front 49

method of drawing or painting an object or person that is not parallel to the picture plane so that is seems to recede in space, giving the illusion of three dimensions. Parts get smaller as they recede in space

Back 49

foreshortening

Front 50

Major art influence shifted from Florence to ____ and great artists were summoned by the pope to complete splendid commissions that glorified the paper state

Back 50

Rome

Front 51

The High Renaissance lasted a very short time, about __ _____

Back 51

20 years

Front 52

Artists were now viewed as ________ rather than craftspeople

Back 52

geniuses

Front 53

Artists of the early Renaissance had relied on ________, __________ ___________, _______, and ___________ to structure their work

Back 53

formulas, scientific perspectives, ratios, and proportions

Front 54

Now, artists of the High Renaissance often disregarded those rules and let their ________ dictate their style

Back 54

feelings

Front 55

Leonardo was ahead of his time not only in painting, sculpture, and architecture, but in ___________, ________ _______, ______, _______, _______, ____________, and ______

Back 55

engineering, military science, botany, anatomy, geology, aerodynamics, and optics

Front 56

Not only was he interested in these fields, he was considered an _______ in all of them

Back 56

expert

Front 57

Although he left only a dozen or so works, Leonardo considered ________ the supreme form of art

Back 57

painting

Front 58

He painted the ______ __ ___ _____ in Milan

Back 58

Virgin of the Rocks

Front 59

The figures in the painting are drawn together in a __________ ___________

Back 59

triangular composition

Front 60

This extreme contrast of dark and light values is called ___________

Back 60

chiaroscuro

Front 61

___ ____ ______ was painted on the wall of the dining hall of the monastery of Santa Maria Della Frazier in Milan

Back 61

The Last Supper

Front 62

Shows Christ and the apostles celebrating ________

Back 62

Passover

Front 63

Leonardo also painted the world's most famous portrait, the ____ ____

Back 63

Mona Lisa

Front 64

The woman sits in a _______ ________ in front of the typical Leonardo landscape

Back 64

relaxed position

Front 65

Leonardo used _______, a slight blurring of the edges of figures and objects in a painting

Back 65

sfumato

Front 66

Was recognized by his contemporaries as "the greatest man ever known to the arts"

Back 66

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Front 67

After a short time, Michelangelo was accepted by _______ __ ______ into his school for sculptors and was treated as a son in the ______ household

Back 67

Lorenzo de Medici; Medici

Front 68

Here he studied and developed an intense interest in _____ and _____ culture

Back 68

Greek and Roman

Front 69

His earliest masterpiece, the _____, was completed in Rome

Back 69

Pieta

Front 70

Michelangelo was concerned with the _______ __________ and visual effect of the pyramidal composition rather than with exact proportions

Back 70

overall appearance

Front 71

Pieta was carved from a single block of ______

Back 71

marble

Front 72

Signed the work on the band across _____ _____

Back 72

Mary's chest

Front 73

Michelangelo's heroic _____ goes far beyond imitating nature

Back 73

David

Front 74

It's huge in size and super-human in its _______ __________

Back 74

muscular perfection

Front 75

At the age of __, Michelangelo was declared the greatest sculptor in Italy

Back 75

29

Front 76

Once finished, David was placed in the main square in front of the __________ ____ ____

Back 76

Florentine town hall

Front 77

The original work is now protected indoors at the _______ __ ________

Back 77

Academy in Florence

Front 78

When Michelangelo was 71 and in poor health, he accepted without salary the commission to finish the construction of __ _______

Back 78

St. Peter's

Front 79

Michelangelo slightly alerted the plan and _________ the exterior, _____ the rear of the church, and _________ the enormous dome which was completed after his death

Back 79

redesigned; built; redesigned

Front 80

The ____ is the largest in the world and rests on four pendentives and four huge piers inside the church

Back 80

dome

Front 81

____ ______ __ commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel

Back 81

Pope Julius II

Front 82

The spirit of the High Renaissance reached its peak in the work of _______

Back 82

Raphael

Front 83

His paintings are masterpieces of _______ and _______

Back 83

balance and harmony

Front 84

Raphael's paintings combine the sculptural quality of ____________ and the grace and feeling of ________

Back 84

Michelangelo; Leonardo

Front 85

Raphael went to ____ in 1508 at the invitation of the pope and immediately became a popular figure

Back 85

Rome

Front 86

He was _____ _______ in the Vatican until his early death at the age of 37

Back 86

court painter

Front 87

For two years, he worked on large frescos for the _______

Back 87

Vatican

Front 88

One of Raphael's subjects on the frescoed walls is ___ _______ __ ______

Back 88

The School of Athens

Front 89

Two main figures are _____ and _________, who are deep in conversation

Back 89

Plato and Aristotle

Front 90

The ____ _______ reflects the influence of Michelangelo

Back 90

Alba Madonna

Front 91

______ paintings require extremely fine balance in order to keep them from seeming to roll like a wheel

Back 91

Tondo

Front 92

Raphael used the most stable composition available, the ________

Back 92

triangle

Front 93

Raphael guides the viewer's eyes easily around the _________ ___________

Back 93

balanced composition

Front 94

After his early death at the age of __, Raphael was buried in the ________ in Rome

Back 94

37; Pantheon

Front 95

The era of the High Renaissance, which began with _________ ____ ______, now came to an end

Back 95

Leonardo's Last Supper

Front 96

After the death of Raphael, the sixteenth century saw a shift in the dominance in art from Florence and Rome to ______ in _____ _____

Back 96

Venice in northern Italy

Front 97

The artistic giant of Venice, compared to Michelangelo and Leonardo

Back 97

Titian

Front 98

He believed that _____ and ____ were more important in painting than line and scientific accuracy

Back 98

color and mood

Front 99

He often painted his figures in bright colors over a ___-_______ background, which added a warmth to the entire work

Back 99

red-painted

Front 100

After it was dry, the surface was painted with as many as ______ or _____ glazes, which unified the surface

Back 100

thirty or forty

Front 101

Titian often ignored detail in order to emphasize the color by rapid powerful ___________

Back 101

brushstrokes

Front 102

The brushstrokes created a textured surface quality that is called ________

Back 102

painterly

Front 103

The figures in Titian's portraits almost always seem to have _____-_____ _____

Back 103

super-human power

Front 104

The ____ ______ ______ was a ruthless maritime ruler

Back 104

Doge Andrea Gritti

Front 105

Titian disregards detail and uses slashing brushstrokes to characterize the ________ ________ of his subjects and the edges are ____, suggesting movement

Back 105

physical strength; soft