Final Test Urinary System

Front 1

occurs during prolonged fasting, kidneys supply glucose

Back 1

gluconeogenesis

Front 2

enyzme used to help regulate blood pressure and function of kidneys

Back 2

renin

Front 3

hormone that stimulates production of RBCs in bone marrow.

Back 3

erythropoietin

Front 4

what metabolizs vitamin D into its active form

Back 4

kidneys

Front 5

urinary and reproductive systems both originate from this

Back 5

urogenital ridge

Front 6

common opening of urinary and reproductive system

Back 6

cloaca

Front 7

connected to cloaca by pronephric duct. type of kidney that never actually becomes functional; degenerates

Back 7

pronephric

Front 8

part of this duct forms mesonephric kidney

Back 8

pronephric duct

Front 9

this type of kidney develops at the end of the 4th week and functions throughout embryonic development

Back 9

mesonphros

Front 10

this type of kidney begins during the 5th week of development and becomes functional by the end of the 8th week. the urine is expelled into amniotic fluid

Back 10

metanephros

Front 11

initially drains urine but is later reduced to a support for the urinary bladder.

Back 11

urachus

Front 12

what type of kidney do lower invertebrates illustrate

Back 12

pronephric

Front 13

what type of kidneys do adult fishes and amphibians illustrate

Back 13

mesonephric

Front 14

what type of kidneys do reptiles, birds, and mammals illustrate

Back 14

metanephric

Front 15

deep depression on concave side of kidney

Back 15

renal sinus

Front 16

entrance to the renal sinus

Back 16

hilus

Front 17

inner part of renal sinus that is attaches and protects it

Back 17

renal capsule

Front 18

middle part of renal sinues that is used for protection

Back 18

adipose capsule

Front 19

outer part of renal sinus that anchors kidney to peritoneum and abdominal wall

Back 19

renal fascia

Front 20

kidneys may drop and cause ureter to kink and block urine flow

Back 20

renal ptosis

Front 21

reddish brown and granular outer layer of kidney

Back 21

cortex

Front 22

darker colored and striped inner layer of kidney has renal pyramids separated by renal columns. apexes are pointed towards the renal sinus

Back 22

medulla

Front 23

receives urine from nephrons

Back 23

collecting duct

Front 24

small collecting duct depression

Back 24

minor calyx

Front 25

larger collecting duct depression

Back 25

major calyx

Front 26

largest collecting duct depression

Back 26

renal pelvis

Front 27

transports urine from kidney

Back 27

ureter

Front 28

functional unit of kidney, responsible for formation of urine, greater than 1 million per kidney, has a rich blood supply

Back 28

nephron

Front 29

finger like structure that prevents as many proten from passing through

Back 29

pedicels

Front 30

proximal vs distal convoluted tubule, which one has many microvilli and which one has few

Back 30

many-proximal

Front 31

continuous with lining of renal tubules and urinary bladder. secretes mucus to lubricate and protect ureter

Back 31

mucosa

Front 32

inner longitudinal and outer circular layer of smooth muscle

Back 32

muscularis

Front 33

storage sac for urine

Back 33

urinary bladder

Front 34

innermost layer of urinary bladder that stretches and has flaps over ureters to prevent backflow

Back 34

mucosa

Front 35

middle layer of urinary bladder that has three layers and is referred to as detrusor muscle; modified to form a sphincter at urethra

Back 35

muscularis

Front 36

outermost layer of urinary bladder. only on superior surface. is actually a continuation of peritoneum

Back 36

serosa

Front 37

converys urine from urinary bladder to outside of body. has 2 muscular sphincters

Back 37

urethra

Front 38

sphincter formed by detrusor muscle of urinary bladder. has involuntary smooth muscle

Back 38

internal urethral sphincter

Front 39

sphinter that is voluntary striated muscle, empties urine through urethral orifice

Back 39

external urethral sphincter

Front 40

in males, receives drainage from prostate gland and 2 ejaculatory ducts

Back 40

prostatic urethra

Front 41

in males, extenal urethral muscle is here

Back 41

membranous

Front 42

in males, urethra that is surrounded by erectile tissue

Back 42

penile

Front 43

medical specialty in urinary system

Back 43

urology

Front 44

analysis of urine or diagnosis

Back 44

urinalysis

Front 45

urethra is open on underside of penis

Back 45

hypospadias

Front 46

urethra is open on upper-side of penis

Back 46

hyperspadias

Front 47

urinary bladder infection.

Back 47

cystitis

Front 48

renal pelvis infection

Back 48

pyelitis

Front 49

nephron infection. toxins that are usually taken out by nephrons stay in the body

Back 49

nephritis

Front 50

inflammation of entire kidney. can be treated with anibiotic therapy

Back 50

pyelonephritis

Front 51

low urinary output. nephrons may cease to function. BPin glomerulus may be too low

Back 51

anuria

Front 52

need to get up to go urinate in the night. common in old people

Back 52

nocturia

Front 53

when bladder is unable to expel urine. treatment may require catheter

Back 53

urinary retention

Front 54

substance that is tox to kidney. Eg heavy metals, organic solvents, bacterial toxins

Back 54

nephrotoxin

Front 55

kidney stones, crystallized magnesium, or uric acid.

Back 55

renal caliculi

Front 56

inability to control micturition voluntary. normal in infants

Back 56

incontinence

Front 57

bed-wetting. most common in young and old person

Back 57

nocturnal enuresis

Front 58

viewing tube inserted into the bladder. examines mucosal surface of bladder

Back 58

cystoscopy

Front 59

disorder, appetite for abnormal substances. indicates electrolyte deficiencies

Back 59

pica

Front 60

counteracts acidity. example is sodium bicarbonate. use to manage heartburn.

Back 60

antacid