Final Study Guide: Neuron

Front 1

The functional and structural unit of the nervous system.

Cell highly specialized for the generation and conduction of nerve impulses.

Back 1

Neuron

Front 2

3 parts of a neuron

HINT: CDA

Back 2

Cell body
Dendrite
Axon

Front 3

Part of the neuron CONTAINING the nucleus and most of the cytoplasmic organelles.

CONTANS DARK STAINING material called Nissl substances.

The Nissl substance is mainly ribosomes attached to the E.R.

This is the most vital part of the cell.

Back 3

Cell Body

Front 4

Cell process that RECEIVES stimuli and then CONDUCTS electrical stimuli TOWARD the cell body.

Its cytoplasm contains Nissl substance,

Back 4

Dendrites

Front 5

Cell process that conducts nerve impulses AWAYfrom the cell body.

Neuron only have 1 axon.

The axon arises from an enlarged area of the cell body called the axon hillock.

The axon is also called a nerve fiber.

The end of the axon splits into smaller branches called terminal filaments or branches.

Terminal filaments are sites where nerve impulses are transmitted from a neuron to another neuron or from a neuron to a muscle fiber.

Back 5

Axon

Front 6

Some axons {nerve fibers} have a covering called the _______ __________.

Back 6

Myelin Sheath

Front 7

If a nerve fiber is covered with a myelin sheath it is a
____________ ___________.

Back 7

myelinated fiber

Front 8

If a nerve fiber lacks the myelin sheath it is a ____________ ______________.

Back 8

nonmyelinated fiber

Front 9

Formation of the myelin sheath:

Back 9

It is formed by Schwaan cells.

The Schwaan cells embed in the nerve fiber and then make several wraps around fiber.

It takes several Schwaan cells to make the myelin sheath the entire length of the of the nerve fiber.

Front 10

Function of myelin sheath:

Back 10

Acts as insulation layer.

Because of this nerve impulses move rapidly along a myelinated fiber.

Front 11

3 types of neurons according to structure

HINT: UBM

Back 11

unipolar
bipolar
multipolar

Front 12

Have only 1 cell process arising directly from the cell body.

This process splits into a dendrite and an axon.

Back 12

unipolar

Front 13

Have 2 cell processes arising directly from the cell body.

One dendrite and one axon.

Back 13

bipolar

Front 14

Have numerous or several cell processes arising directly from the cell body.

Several dendrites and 1 axon.

Back 14

multipolar

Front 15

the 3 types of neurons according to function:

HINT: SMI

Back 15

sensory
motor
interneuron

Front 16

Neurons that conduct nerve impulses from receptors to the central nervous.

Central nervous includes the brain and spinal cord.

Back 16

sensory

Front 17

Neurons that conduct nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the effectors.

The effectors include the muscles, glands and organs.

Back 17

motor

Front 18

Neurons that conduct nerve impulses from 1 neuron to another neuron.

Back 18

interneuron

Front 19

4 parts of neuroglia cells

Hint: AOME

Back 19

astrocyte
oligodendrocyte
microglia
ependyma

Front 20

Involved with the transfer of substances between BLOOD CAPILLARIES and neurons.

Most ABUNDANT of the neuroglia cells.

Back 20

astrocyte

Front 21

Form the mYelin sheath of mYelinated fibers within the central nervous system.

Back 21

oligodendrocYte

Front 22

PhaGocytic cells of the central nervous system.

Back 22

microGlia

Front 23

Cells that line the cEntral canal of the spinal cord and the vEntricles of the brain.

Back 23

EpEndyma

Front 24

Made up of several NERVE fibers of several NEURONS.

Back 24

Nerve

Front 25

3 coverings of a nerve fiber:

Hint: EPE

Back 25

Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneuriun

Front 26

dense connective tissue that ensheaths the ENTIRE nerve.

Back 26

Epineurium

Front 27

dense connective tissue that surrounds a BUNDLE of nerve fibers.

Back 27

Perineurium

Front 28

thin connective tissue enclosing the INDIVIDUAL nerve fiber.

Back 28

Endoneuriun

Front 29

3 Types of nerves:

Hint: SMM

Back 29

Sensory
Motor
Mixed

Front 30

nerve containing only sensory nerve fibers.

Back 30

Sensory nerve

Front 31

nerve containing ONLY MOTOR nerve fibers.

Back 31

Motor nerve

Front 32

nerve containing BOTH sensory and motor nerve fibers.

Back 32

Mixed nerve