Study Guide 2: Connective Tissue

Front 1

What is the main difference of connective tissue from epithelial tissue?

Back 1

Characterized by few cells scattered among large amounts of matrix.

The matrix predominates.

Front 2

What are the locations of the connective tissue?

Back 2

Most widely distributed tissue of the body.

Examples include abundant loose connective tissue
{areolar and adipose} located in and around other tissues,
tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone, and blood.

Front 3

It’s the nonliving extracellular material.

Back 3

Matrix

Front 4

2 parts of matrix

Hint: GS & CF

Back 4

1.Ground substance
2.Connective fibers

Front 5

Homogenous substance consisting mainly of a complex mixture of proteins.

It OCCUPIES THE AREA around the cells and fibers. It’s of cellular origin - that is it is produced by the cells of the connective tissue.

Back 5

Ground substance

Front 6

Proteinaceous THREADS embedded in the ground substance.

Back 6

Connective fibers

Front 7

3 types of connective tissue fibers:

Hint: CER

Back 7

1.Collagen fibers {White fibers}
2.Elastic fibers {Yellow fibers}
3.Reticular fibers

Front 8

Most abundant of the fibers.

Composed of protein molecules called collagen.

These molecules are assembled into cross-linked fibrils.

These fibrils are bundled into the thick collagen fibers.

These fibers are very tough and have great tensile strength, but are not elastic.

They function to provide a structural framework and to provide strength to the tissue.

Back 8

Collagen fibers {White fibers}

Front 9

Composed of protein molecules called elastin.

These molecules form long thin fibers that form branching networks in the matrix.

These fibers are very elastic.

They function in allowing tissues to stretch and recoil.

Back 9

Elastic fibers {Yellow fibers}

Front 10

They are immature collagenous fibers so composed of collagen molecules.

These molecules form short fine fibers which branch to form delicate networks in the matrix.

They are abundant in connective tissues that abut other tissue types, for example in the basement membrane of epithelial and around capillaries.

Back 10

Reticular fibers

Front 11

What are the (8) types of connective tissue cells?

Hint: 3MFABCO

Back 11

1. Mesenchymal cells
2. Fibroblast
3. Adipose or fat cells
4. Macrophages
5. Mast cells
6. Chondrocytes
7. Osteocytes
8. Blood cells

Front 12

primitive or embryonic cells that give rise to all the other connective tissue cells.

Back 12

Mesenchymal cells

Front 13

flat, branching cells and are the main cells in connective tissue proper.

Back 13

Fibroblasts

Front 14

develop from fibroblasts - store large quantities of FATS in their cytoplasm - among the largest cells in the body.

Back 14

Adipose or fat cells

Front 15

PHAGocytic cells of connective tissues

Back 15

Macrophages

Front 16

usually CLUSTERS around blood vessels - initiate local inflammatory responses by releasing heparin and histamines.

Back 16

Mast cells

Front 17

Main connective tissue cells of CARTILAGE.

Back 17

Chondrocytes

Front 18

Main connective tissue cells of BONE

Back 18

Osteocytes

Front 19

connective cells of BLOOD

Back 19

Blood cells

Front 20

Each major type of connective tissue has ___________ or _________ cell type.

Back 20

structural or fundamental

Front 21

Each cell type exists in an _________ and ________ form.

Back 21

immature and mature

Front 22

The ________ cells are indicated by the suffix BLAST and they are actively mitotic and produce and secrete the ground substance and fibers of the matrix.

Back 22

immature

Front 23

The ________ cells are indicated by the suffix CYTE, and they are less active but maintain the health of the tissue.

Back 23

mature

Front 24

The ________ cells GIVE RISE to the BLAST CELLS and blasts cells give rise to the cyte cells.

Back 24

mesenchymal

Front 25

The Connective tissue proper is the structural cell for which type of connective cell?

Back 25

Fibroblasts

Front 26

The Chondroblast which mature into CHRONDROCYTES is the structural cell for which type of connective cell?

Back 26

Cartilage

Front 27

The osteoblasts which mature into OSTEOCYTES is the structural cell for which type of connective cell?

Back 27

Bone

Front 28

The HEMATOPOIETIC stem cells which mature into the blood cellsis the structural cell for which type of connective cell?

Connective tissues can have other cells in addition to these structural cell types.

Back 28

Blood

Front 29

Connective tissues are classified on the basis of 3 characteristics of the matrix:

Name them.

Back 29

1. The types of fibers
2. Type of ground substance
3. Structural arrangement of fibers and ground substance.

Front 30

there are 4 types {classes} of connective tissue:

Name them. Hint: CCBB

Back 30

1. Connective tissue proper
2. Cartilage
3. Bone
4. Blood

Front 31

It’s matrix is characterized by being flexible, by having a viscous (“watery”) ground substance, and by having abundant fibers.

It’s structural cell type is fibroblasts.

Back 31

Connective tissue proper

Front 32

Connective tissues proper is divided into 2 subclasses:

Name them. Hint: D&L

Back 32

Loose connective tissue and Dense connective tissue

Front 33

Characterized by having a LOOSE arrangement of fibers.
It include areolar tissue, adipose tissue, and reticular
tissue.

Back 33

Loose connective tissue

Front 34

Characterized by having a DENSE arrangement of fibers.

It includes regular dense connective tissue, irregular dense connective tissue, and elastic connective tissue.

Back 34

Dense connective tissue

Front 35

It’s matrix has abundant collagenous fibers with some cartilage having elastic fibers.

The ground substance is semisolid and flexible and contains chrondrotin sulfate bound to proteins{GAG’s] and hyaluronic acid.

Also contains large amounts of water{ 80%}.

Back 35

Cartilage

Front 36

It’s structural cell type are chondroblasts which mature into chondrocytes.

The chondrocytes are located in cavities in the matrix called lacunae.

Back 36

Cartilage

Front 37

Cartilage is covered by a dense connective membrane called the __________.

Back 37

Perichondrium

Front 38

Cartilage is ___________ so the blood in the blood vessels of the perichondrium nourish the cartilage tissue.

Back 38

avascular

Front 39

Cartilage is ________ but _______ providing a resilient rigidity to the structures it supports.

Back 39

tough but flexible

Front 40

According to characteristics of the matrix there are 3 types of cartilage:

Name them. Hint: HEF

Back 40

hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage.

Front 41

It’s matrix contains abundant collagenous fibers and ground substance containing proteins and inorganic calcium salts.

Back 41

Bone

Front 42

It’s structural cell type are octeoblasts which mature into osteocytes.

The osteocytes are located in cavities in the matrix called lacunae.

Back 42

Bone

Front 43

Bone tissue is ______ and _______ so has outstanding ability to support.

Back 43

hard and rigid

Front 44

According to characteristics of the matrix there are 2 types of bone tissue:

Name them.

Back 44

compact and spongy

Front 45

It’s matrix is characterized by being viscuous{”watery”} and has no fibers.

It’s structural cell type are the blood cells.

Blood is a fluid connective tissue.

Back 45

Blood