Final Set- Zoo

Front 1

4 features of a chordate

Back 1

1. Dorsal hollow nerve cord

2. Notochord

3. Postanal tail

4. Pharyngeal gill pouches

Front 2

Urochordata- animal examples

Back 2

Tunicates; sea squirts

Front 3

Urochordata- larvae and adult

Back 3

Larvae motile; sessile filter-feeding adults

Front 4

Urochordata- where found

Back 4

Marine (rocky, intertidal)

Front 5

Walter Garstang's Hypothesis (1928) (disproved mufuka)

Back 5

-Ancient tunicate-like larvae failed to metamorphose into sessile adult and retained juvenile characteristics

-Vertebrates evolved from this ancestral paedomorphic dude

-Molecular evidence does not support this

Front 6

Cephalochordata; example; where found; sessile or motile adults?

Back 6

Lancelets; coastal sandy bottoms; motile

Front 7

Cephalochordata- incorrect name that stuck through time

Back 7

Amphioxus

Front 8

Vertebrates share common ancestry with urochordates or cephalochordates?

Back 8

Cephalochordates

Front 9

Axial skeleton

Back 9

Cranium, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

Front 10

Appendicular skeleton

Back 10

Everything else not associated with girdles

Front 11

Subphylum: Vertebrata. Vertebral column made of:

Back 11

Bone or cartilage

Front 12

Notocord

Back 12

Most lose notochord after embryogenesis; most ancient retain notochord

Front 13

"Fishes"

Back 13

Polyphyletic with 5 classes

Oldest lineage back to Cambrian

Front 14

Which is the "big" group in verts?

Back 14

Fishes

Front 15

Fish: scales and regulation

Back 15

Ectothermic w/wo scales

Front 16

Circulatory system of fish?

Back 16

Single circuit; 2 chambered heart

Front 17

Which senses are well developed in fishes?

Back 17

Olfaction; vision

Front 18

Diadromous

Back 18

Live in 2 environments at diff times in life cycle

Front 19

Anadromous

Back 19

Freshwater-Marine-Freshwater

Front 20

Catadramous

Back 20

M-FW-M

Front 21

Superclass Agnatha

Back 21

Jawless; Hagfish and lampreys; cartilaginous (ancient)

Pore-like gill openings

persistent notochord

Front 22

Class Myxini

Back 22

Hagfish-means slime

Scavengers

Mouth surrounded by small tactile "barbels"

Front 23

Class Petromyzontida

Back 23

lampreys

Buccal funnel with horny teeth

mostly anadromous

some are parasitic on other fish

Front 24

Petromyzontida larvae called

Back 24

Ammocoetes

Front 25

Superclass gnathostomata

Back 25

Jawed verts

Ancestors were jawless

Front 26

Jaws in gnathostomates modified from?

Back 26

First gill arches

Front 27

Class Chondrichthyes

Back 27

cartilaginous fishes

Subclass Elasmobranchii and subclass Holocephali

Front 28

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Back 28

sharks skates rays

Internal fertilization-oviparous, viviparous, ovoviviparous

Have elasmobranchs

Front 29

Subclass Holocephali

Back 29

Chimeras- ghostfish, ratfish

Front 30

"Osteichthyes"

Back 30

Contains classes Actinopterygii and Sarcopterygii

Front 31

Class Actinopterygii

Back 31

Distinguishing features; lepidotrichia

All have operculum

Front 32

Tail plan of most Actinopterygii vs ancient

Back 32

Homocercal; some ancient taxa with a heterocercal tail

Front 33

Are scales of reptiles and actinopterygii homologous?

Back 33

No, analagous

Front 34

Family of sturgeon?

Back 34

Acipenseridae

Front 35

Class Sarcopterygii

Back 35

Bony but lack lepidotrichia

operculum present

Front 36

2 groups of Sarcopterygii?

Back 36

Coelocanths, Lungfishes (branchial and pulmonary respiration, lungs homologous with tetrapods)

Front 37

lineage of sarcopterygii considered to be ancestral to tetrapods?

Back 37

Osteolepiforms from Subclass Rhipidistia

Front 38

Tetrapod Line marked by which class?

Back 38

Amphibia

Front 39

Tetrapods

Back 39

Amphibians were first

Extant amphibians: Lissamphibians

Share common ancestry with osteolepiform rhipidistians

Front 40

Subclass Lissamphibia

Back 40

Frogs salamanders caecillians

Monophyletic

Dual life history

Adult-egg-metamorph-adult..

Mostly ovoviviparous

Front 41

Circulatory system of amphibians

Back 41

3 chambered heart; 2-way circulatory system

Front 42

Chromatophors (present in amphibia)

Back 42

Pigment cells which allow for color changes

Front 43

Orders of amphibia

Back 43

Anura

Caudata

Gymnophiona

Front 44

Anura

Back 44

Mostly viviparous; some ovoviviparous

Front 45

Amplexus

Back 45

Pre-copulation event of some aquatic breeding anurans

Front 46

Order Caudata

Back 46

Salamanders

Many paedomorphic

Male deposits spermatophore; female implants into her cloaca. fukn rumantiq

Ensatina=example of ring species- example of incipient speciation

Front 47

Gymnophiona

Back 47

mostly blind as adults dumbazs worm-like things

Front 48

Viviparous

Back 48

Live birth

Front 49

Ovoviviparous

Back 49

Produce eggs that hatch within the body

Front 50

Oviparous

Back 50

Eggs hatch after laid

Front 51

Amniote tetrapods

Back 51

Includes anapsid, synapsid, and diapsid linneages

Front 52

amnion

Back 52

fluid filled sac around embryo, ectodermal and nonvascular

"my water broke"

Front 53

Chorion

Back 53

Encloses entire embryonic system beneath shell membrane; ectodermal and non-vascular

Front 54

Yolk sac

Back 54

Surrounds yolk, vascularized

endodermal, vascularized

Front 55

allantois

Back 55

vascularized

waste receptacle which eventually fuses with chorion to form chorioallantoic membrane

embryonic toilet

Front 56

In humans, what is the chorioallantoic membrane?

Back 56

Placenta

Front 57

amnionic egg diagram

Back 57

Front 58

Anapsid

Back 58

0 temporal openings

turtles and tortoises

Front 59

synapsid

Back 59

1 temporal opening

mammals

Front 60

diapsid

Back 60

2 temporal openings

liz, snakes, tuatara

Front 61

What is the only anapsid that retains its temporal opening post birth?

Back 61

Tuatara

Front 62

What is an apomorphic trait of reptiles

Back 62

Scale-y, keratinized epidermis

Front 63

Order Testudines

Back 63

Only surviving anapsids

turtles and tortoises

all oviparous

Front 64

Orders of reptilia

Back 64

Testudines- turtles and torts

Crocodilia-cros, gators, caimans, gharials

Sphenodonta- tuatarans

Squamata- liz and snakes

Front 65

Order squamata

Back 65

liz and thnaketh

males have hemipenes

ball and socket vertebral elements

hemipenes secrete sperm plug plus gelatinous mating plug

Front 66

Lizards

Back 66

Fused mandibular rami

External auditory meatus

Front 67

Snakes

Back 67

No external auditory meatus

unfused mandibular rami

forked tongue

Front 68

Jacobson's organ

Back 68

Organ in roof of snake mouth- chemo reception

Front 69

Pit vipers have ___ ____ which act as heat sensors

Back 69

Loreal pits

Front 70

Human origins

Back 70

Family name Hominidae

Extinct genera: Australopithecines

Front 71

What is one significance of Lucy?

Back 71

Marks split between gracile and robust hominids

chimps and homo split about 7 mya

Front 72

who finna ace dis shhit

Back 72

us