Final Review

Front 1

True/False? In general, the best pharmacologic therapy is the leaset invasive, leaset expensive, and least likely to cause a reaction?

Back 1

True

Front 2

When prescribing a drug, if you write the band name the patient is guaranteed to ge the brand name?

Back 2

True

Front 3

t/f poor handwriting and omission of the information are prescritpin errors?

Back 3

true.

Front 4

Prescritpion drugs are controlled by which of the following agencies?

Back 4

FDA

Front 5

T/F it is not important to know the state regulations for NP prescriptive authority since all states have the same rules?

Back 5

false

Front 6

The dose of the drug needed to produce a particular effect of given intensiy is known as?

Back 6

Potency

Front 7

Pharmacokinetics refers to how the boyd interacts with a drug including?

Back 7

absorption, metabolism, excretion

Front 8

The NP would be particularly concerned about a patients' ability to adequately elimated drugs that are prescribed if the pateient has dysfunction of which of the follwing body systems?

Back 8

Renal

Front 9

Knowledge of a drugs half-life is a factor in determining what?

Back 9

the precise timing of drug elimination

Front 10

The terapeutic index of a drug can best be described as?

Back 10

the difference between terapeutic and toxic doses.

Front 11

Digoxin is considered?

Back 11

Negative chronotrope cardiac glycoside

Front 12

Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers are similar because ?

Back 12

they blocke cardiac receptor sites

Front 13

The angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor are effective in treating CHF and help to decrease morbidity in CHF pts because of these drugs?

Back 13

blocks conversion of angiotensin 1to angiotensin 2 causing venodilation decrease total peripheral resistance, depleves volume of workload in loope of henle, vasoconstriction in kidney.

Front 14

Beta blockers reduce blood pressure by which mechanism?

Back 14

reduce myocardial demand,decreast heart rate and contractillity, decrease cardiac output

Front 15

diuretics are used clinically for

Back 15

CHF, HTN, edema associated with hepatic cirrohis

Front 16

most commonly used diuretics in primary care

Back 16

distal tubula (thiazides and aldosterone antagonistes) and loop diuretics.

Front 17

heparin is safe to use in pts with advanced hepatic disease?

Back 17

False

Front 18

protamine is the antidote for coumadin?

Back 18

false

Front 19

coumadine may take 3-5 days before becomming affective

Back 19

true

Front 20

ferrous gluconate provides the most elemantal iron of all ferrous forms of iron

Back 20

False ferrous salts

Front 21

heparin when given sub q has a more predictable than the low molecular weight?

Back 21

false

Front 22

eating a diet high leafy green vegetables will affect the clotting factor in patients on coumadin?

Back 22

true

Front 23

pregnant women need folic acid

Back 23

true

Front 24

patient who are treated for dvt are started on coumadin and should have a goal inr of 3-4

Back 24

false 2-3

Front 25

differences in anticoagulation effects can occur between different manufacturers.

Back 25

true

Front 26

325mg of ASA has been demonstrated to decrease the risk of MI and stroke

Back 26

True

Front 27

which of the following insulins have the fastest actions for hyperglycemia? NPH, Regular, Lente, Ultra lente

Back 27

Regular

Front 28

A pt would show good undertanding of thyroid replacement if he states that ?

Back 28

he should call if he has anxiety, weightloss or weakness

Front 29

Major complication of cortico steroid therapy

Back 29

psychological dependance, increased intraocular pressure, osteoporosis hyperglycemia and exacerbation of diabetes.

Front 30

hypothyroidism can cause ?

Back 30

dry skin

Front 31

type 1 diabetes can be managed without insulin

Back 31

false

Front 32

which medication increases blood sugar?

Back 32

prednisone

Front 33

An elderly pt with suspected hyperthyroidism, which labs may be used to monitor medication therapy?

Back 33

Elevated T3 and T4 decreased TSH.

Front 34

glucophage decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensativity by increasing periphery glucose uptake and utilization.

Back 34

true

Front 35

Pharmacological treatment for cushing syndrome includes steroidogenic inhibitors, adrenolytic agents neuromodulators of ACTH release and glucocorticoids receptor blocking agents.

Back 35

true.

Front 36

You have dx a conditoin that requires glucocorticoid therapy. You would include which of the following in your counselling about this drug

Back 36

take iwth food to minimize GI Discomfort.

Front 37

Which diuretic acts by inhibiting sodium in the ascending loop of henle?

Back 37

Lasix

Front 38

which category of diuretics hav ethe side effect of hyperkalemia?

Back 38

potassium sparing diuretic

Front 39

Potassium sparing diuretics work in which part fo the nephron?

Back 39

distal tubule

Front 40

Osmotic diuretic such as mannitol are used for

Back 40

reducing cerebral edema

Front 41

Benzothiazide diuretics?

Back 41

inhibit cl reabsorption at distal tubules, used to treate edema, HTN, can cause electrolyte imbalence.

Front 42

patient with CHF can be given?

Back 42

lasix, a loop diuretic to get rid of extra fluid volume.

Front 43

carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that brings about?

Back 43

issociation of the carbonic acid to give hydrogen ions

Front 44

acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis in young women can be treated with?

Back 44

3rd generation cephalosporins or aminoglycosides, bactrim for 10 -14days, fluorquinolones such as cipro,

Front 45

in a patient iwth syphillus, exceeding one year duration the recommended therapy is

Back 45

Benzathine PCN G. 2.4million units IM weelkly for 3 weeks, Allergy to PNC doxycycline 100mg po bid 28 days when CSF exam has excluded neurosyphilis,
If neurosyphilus aqueous PCN G 2-4 million units IV Q4H for 10-14 days.

Front 46

UTI's interstitial cystitis and other urinary tract diseases produce sx of burign with frequent and painful urniations. Urinary tract analgesics exert a local pain relieveing effect on mucose of Urinary tract even though given orally.

Back 46

true.

Front 47

T.B is often treated with a singel agen?

Back 47

false

Front 48

When considering an antibiotic which should be included?

Back 48

age of pt., pregnant?, immune status.

Front 49

Cephalosporins work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis?

Back 49

true

Front 50

PCN can have a cross sensitivity with cephalosporins?

Back 50

true

Front 51

Which is not a fluroquinolone?
Cipro, Levaquine, Macrobid

Back 51

Macrobid

Front 52

Tetracycline i not recommended for children under 12 because?

Back 52

It binds to calcium in teeth and leaves a permanent stain.

Front 53

Which of the following is not correct reguarding resistance?

Back 53

In acquired resistance the host mutates.

Front 54

The best way to determine the susceptablilty of a drug is to do a Culture and sensativity.

Back 54

true.

Front 55

Which of hte folllowing is included in the algorhythm for antibiotic selection .Renal/hepatic status, illness in community, organism gram +or gm- acid fast fungal or viral

Back 55

all of the above.

Front 56

which of the following is an oxylodine? Keflex, zyvox, bactrim, zithromax

Back 56

zyvox

Front 57

Maternal factors affecting drug response during pregnancy?

Back 57

reduced tone and motility of the GI tract, altered secretions of HCl , weight gain, rises in fluid volumes and blood pressure, higher production of plasma proteins, greater competition for plasma protein binding sites.

Front 58

Pregnant women should be monitored

Back 58

sub- therapeutic levels as well as signs for drug toxicity throughout pregnancy

Front 59

t/f gastric acidity affects absorptoin gastric motility is reduced and rate of absorption is delayed.

Back 59

true

Front 60

water soluble drugs may be diluted and lipid soluble druges concentrated in pregnant women

Back 60

true

Front 61

in fetal placental pharmacokinetics distributeion depends on ?

Back 61

physiochemical properties, molecular weight and configuaration ionization solubility and protein binding.

Front 62

pediatric considerations

Back 62

absorption, route, neonates have increased gastric pH. neonates and infancts anve reduced gastric motility. Neonates have decreased bile acids.

Front 63

geriatric considerations

Back 63

body composition, changes in body systems

Front 64

2 big issues with elderly

Back 64

polypharmacy, noncompliance

Front 65

use of marijuana higher in men than women

Back 65

true

Front 66

women are more likely to abuse prescription drugs

Back 66

true

Front 67

CNS stimulants commonly abused?

Back 67

amphetamines, cocaine, caffeing, tobacco, designer drugs

Front 68

cns depresssants commonly used

Back 68

alcohol, opiods, benzodiazepines, barbiturates,

Front 69

Inotropic agents?

Back 69

cardiac glycosides
inamrione lactate, milrinone lactate

Front 70

Calcium channel blockers?

Back 70

vasodilators, antiandrenergic/sympatholytics, renin angiotensin antagonists.

Front 71

vasodilators?

Back 71

nitrates, peripheraial vasodialators, human btype naturetic peptide, endothelin receptor antagonist.

Front 72

antiandrenergic/sympatheolytics

Back 72

beta adrenergic blocking agent,alpha/beta adrenergic blocking agents, antiadrenergic agents (centrally acting) antiadrenergic agents (peripherally)

Front 73

renin angiotensin antagonists

Back 73

angiotensin= converting enzyme inhibitors angiotensin II receptor antagonists, selective aldosterone receptor antagonist

Front 74

Cardiac glycosides treat?

Back 74

heart failure,Mild to moderate hf increases left ventricular ejection fraction. atrial fib, administered with diuretic and ace inhibitor.

Front 75

examples of cardiac glycosides?

Back 75

lanoxicaps, digoxin, lanoxin, digitek, digoxin, digoxin (peds) lanoxin (peds)

Front 76

Fast channel blockers, quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide, used for?

Back 76

ventricular arrhythmias, prevent paroxysmal recurrent atrial vib, procainamide in wolff parkinson white syndrome.

Front 77

lidocaine, phenytoin, mexiletin, fast association/disassociateion

Back 77

treats and prevents imediately after MI, although adds risk of asystole.

Front 78

flecainide, propafenone, moricizine. (Na channel block) slow association

Back 78

prevents paroxysmal a fib, treats recurrent tachyarrhythmias of abnormal conduction.

Front 79

beta blockers-

Back 79

propranolol, atenolol,esmolol timolol, metoprolol, decreases mi mortatlity, prevent recurrence of tachyarrhythmias

Front 80

Amiodarone, sotalol, ibutalide, dofetilide K+ channel blocker

Back 80

wolf parkinson white syndrom, (sotalol)- vtach, and a fib, nibentan- a flutter and a fib.

Front 81

slow channel blockers verapamil, diltiazem calcium channel blockers.

Back 81

prevent recurrence of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Reduce ventribular rate in patietns iwth a fib.

Front 82

Adenosine and Digoxin

Back 82

use in supraventricular arrhythmias especially in HF with A Fib contraindicated in Ventrucular arrhythmias.

Front 83

Avoid using calcium channel blockers in illnesses of

Back 83

cardiac myopathy

Front 84

t/f CCB has most decreased contractil force fo the myocardium (negative inotropic effect)

Back 84

true

Front 85

CCB

Back 85

decreases electrical conductino in heart causing negative chronotropic effects , decreases hr increases rick of heart block

Front 86

indications for nitrates

Back 86

relief and prevention of angina pectoris caused by CAD.

Front 87

IV nitrates uses for ?

Back 87

perioperative hyptertension and for hte incution of intraoperative hypotension.

Front 88

nitrates method of action?

Back 88

increase nitric oxice to endothelial cells conversion of GTP to cGMP dephyosphorylatino of myocin LC causign smooth muscle relaxation.

Front 89

contraindication for nitrates

Back 89

increased intracranial pressure, head trauma, cerebral hemmorrhage, decreased bp, postural hypo tension