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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Distant metastasis
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gets in blood and travels to distant site
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Major killer of men and women? Dana Reeve!
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Lung Cancer
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Growth Fraction
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Ratio of cells proliferating to cells in G0 phase
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Solid Tumors
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have low growth fraction
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Disseminated
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Have high growth fractions
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Growth factors have been fitted to this curve?
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Gompertzian
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Smallest detectable is
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1 gm 1 billion cells
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P-glycoprotein
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can pump more then one chemo drug out of the cell with multiple resistance
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Major Toxicities: Normal highly proliferative cells
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Bone Marrow Supression
Neutropenia: WBC -Infection Thrombocytopenia: Platelets Anemia: RBCs Stomatitis: Inflamation of oral mucosa, chance of candida Diarrhea N/V Hyperuricemia Alopecia: hair loss Extravasation Repro tox carcinogenesis |
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Alkylating agents
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Form bonds cross bridges with DNA
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Antimetabolites
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False metabolites
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Mitotic Inhibitors
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Block mitosis
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Topoisomerase Inhibitors
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Block mitosis
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Alkylating agents 2
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Non-specific
Drug resistance is common AEs GI, bone marrow, hair |
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Nitrogen mustard class, broad spectrum of cancers, AEs include bone marrow suppression
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Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
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Nitrosurea class, CNS penetration, gliadel is wafer implant
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Carmustine (BiCNU)
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Specific nitrosurea for pancreatic islet cells
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Streptozocin (Zanosar)
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Platinum compound somewhat sensitive for testicular cancer
AEs kidney damage and highly emetogenic |
Cisplatin (platinol AQ)
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Analog of cisplatin for ovarian cancer. Bone Marrow supression
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Carboplatin (paraplatin)
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Platinum compound for colorectal cancer
Peripheral sensitive neuropathy |
Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
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Folic acid analog only one used for cancer. Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Required fro DNA, RNA, and proteins.
Resistance can be acquired Mult. delivery modes. Bone marrow supression Choriocarcinoma |
Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)
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uses same transport system With increased methotrexate, cancer cells lack transport
Make sure and give at proper time |
Leucovorin rescue
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Antimetabolite - pyrimidine
biosynthesis of DNA and RNA Cytosine arabinoside or Ara C For acture myelogenous leukemia Bone Marrow Supression |
Cytarabine (Cytosar-U)
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Antimetabolite - pyrimidine
Fluorinated derivative of uracil Solid tumors Bone marrow suppression |
Fluorouracil (Adrucil)
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Antimetabolite - purine
Acute lymphocytic leukemia Oral admin Wide dist. except CNS Bone marrow supression Mutagenic |
Mercaptopurine (purinethol)
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Antitumor antibiotic
Anthracycline Bone marrow supression and CARDIOTOX Intercalation Red color to tears and urine |
Doxorubicin (Andriamycin)
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Antitumor antibiotic
anthracycline Liposomal Increased delivery to tumor cells |
Daunorubicin (DaunoXome)
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Antitumor antibiotic
Non-anthracyclines Chain scission and framentation of DNA Little bone marrow supression Lung tox (10%) Skin and lung lack bleomycin hydrolase can't breakdown bleomycin causes lesions and lung tox |
Bleomycin (Blenoxane)
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Antitumor antibiotic
Non-anthracycline Intercalation within DNA, blocks RNA synthesis |
Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)
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Mitotic Inhibitor
Vinca Alkaloid Disrupts microtubule assembly Peri neuropathy, sensory and motor injury Little bone marrow tox |
Vincristine (Oncovin)
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Mitotic Inhibitor
Taxiods or taxanes Stabilizes microtubule formation and decreases cell division Severe hypertension can occur because derived from plants bone marrow supression |
Paclitaxel (Taxol)
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Mitotic inhib.
Taxoids or taxanes Sever hypersensitivity can occur also sig. neutropenia and fluid retention switch to if hypersensitivity occurs with other taxoid |
Docetaxel (Taxotere)
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Topoisomerase Inhibitor
blocks topoisomerase I IV admin Bone marrow suppression |
Toptecan (Hycamtin)
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Topo Inhib
Colorectal cancer, Severe diarrhea but no bone marrow supression |
Irinotecan (Camptosar)
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Topo Inhib.
Plant alkaloid derivative Inhibits resealing, topo II PO and IV, low CNS penetration Bone marrow supression |
Etoposide (VePesid)
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Cytotoxic Drug
Converts asparagine to aspartic acid selective Leukemic lympoblasts are unable to make asparagine other cells can Used for Acute lymphocytic anemia Mult. AEs but not bone marrow |
Asparaginase (Elspar)
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DDD and DDT (pesticides) selective for the adrenal cortex PO for inoperable adrenocortical carcinoma
CNS depression, N/V fatigue used more in vets |
Mitotane (Lysodren)
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