Final Key Terms

Front 1

World oil reserves

Back 1

The known existing reserves of oil. Largest reserve: Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Canada, Iran, Iraq.

Front 2

First Nations

Back 2

Aboriginal tribes of Canada. Currently protesting the developing of the Alberta Tar Sands and the building of pipelines across their lands.

Front 3

Idle No More Movement

Back 3

A movement started by Canada's First Nations peoples demanding the adherence to rights set by treaties.

Front 4

Eminent domain

Back 4

The ability of the state to acquire private lands to put to public use. TransCanada, the FOREIGN oil company, is using eminent domain actions to gain access to private lands whose holders have previously denied them building the Keystone XL pipeline.

Front 5

Tar sands

Back 5

Bitumen saturated sand that requires intensive processes to extract. In Alberta, Canada, the object of debates including Idle No More, First Nations and the Keystone XL pipeline.

Front 6

Uranium enrichment

Back 6

To create a nuclear weapon, enriched uranium is required. The process of enriching uranium by Iran heightens fears of the country obtaining nuclear weaponry, against the UN Nonproliferation treaty.

Front 7

Green Movement

Back 7

Protest against the results of the last Iranian election, where ahmadinejan is said to have cheated. The opposition painted their hands bren, the color of Islam.

Front 8

Guardian Council

Back 8

12 member council that is charged with interpreting the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Hold veto power: true power behind Iran.

Front 9

ECOWAS

Back 9

Economic Community of West African States, to which 16 nations belong, including Mali.

Front 10

Colonialism

Back 10

When "mother countries" leave colonized lands (ie French out of Mali, Algeria, etc) natives are left without administrstion. Creating instability. Colonists drew boarders without regard to ethnic groups.

Front 11

Tuareg

Back 11

Historically nomadic people of North Africa. Some Tuareg rebels teamed up with al Qaeda in 2012 to gain independence for their northern region in Mali.

Front 12

Terrorism

Back 12

**I'm waiting for the legal definition from Henriette, as I couldn't find exactly what she said on Thursday because I was too busy basking in the sunlight to write it all down**

Front 13

Drones

Back 13

Unmanned aerial vehicle armed with weaponry: reduces risk to attacking forces, however are responsible for high numbers of civilian deaths. Puts a strain on foreign relations.

Front 14

Exit strategy

Back 14

NATO exit strategy from the war in Afghanistan includes the full withdrawal of French troops by 2014 and US troops halved by 2014. This poses logistical issues such as what routes to take to remove equipment and troops. Tension in the region creates problems. US exit strategy: train Afghan military, then leave.

Front 15

Taliban

Back 15

Islamic fundamentalist group founded in Afghan refugee camps in Pakistan. "Taliban" means "student". Responsible for world wide terrorist attacks.

Front 16

ISAF

Back 16

International security Assistance Force, lead by NATO. There are 50 troop-contributing nations, not all of them belong to NATO. Total of 100000 troops: 1. USA 68000 troops 2. UK 9000 3. Germany 4400 4. Italy 3000 5. Poland 1700.

Front 17

Okinawa reversion deal

Back 17

The granting to Japanese ownership of Okinawa and other islands which had been taken by the US after WWII as a token of friendship when US and Japan became allies in 1971

Front 18

Senkaku Islands/ Diaoyu Islands

Back 18

Islands whose ownership is being disputed by China, Japan, and Taiwan. Japan escalated tensions by purchasing islands from a private owner.

Front 19

Territorial waters

Back 19

Extends 12 nautical miles (22 km) from a country’s coast (low-water mark)
Exclusive Economic Zone extends 200 nautical miles from a country’s coastline.
The continental shelf can extend up to 350 nautical miles.
Islands valuable due to territorial waters rather than for the land itself.

Front 20

Yasukuni Shrine

Back 20

Japanese m,onument to war dead, including the war criminals responsible for the Nanjing Massacre. Chinese view the politicians who visit the shrine to be also honoring the war criminals, heightening tensions between the two countries.

Front 21

Nanjing Massacre

Back 21

Massacre of Chinese people perpetrated by Japan during the Second Japanese-Sino War. 300,000 people killed. Japan has not formerly apologized for this event, putting a strain on relations.

Front 22

Cultural Revolution

Back 22

Traumatic period in recent Chinese history. 1966-76. Mao encouraged young people (“Red Guards”) to denounce teachers and parents as bourgeois. Educated class was sent to the countryside to work in the fields.

Front 23

Hacking

Back 23

the infiltration of computer systems via the use of software (access through weaknesses in the target system) , or by obtaining knowledge of passwords.

Front 24

Real-Name Registration Requirement

Back 24

December 2012: Chinese law that internet comments cannot be posted anonymously. Tightening of censorship laws directed to suppress anonymous criticisms.

Front 25

Weibo Baidu Renren

Back 25

Weibo -- Chinese Twitter
Baidu -- Chinese Google
Renren -- Chinese Facebook

Front 26

Internet censorship

Back 26

Government control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the internet. China employs more than 40,000 internet censors.

Front 27

Micro-loans

Back 27

Loans given in developing countries mostly to poor women to help promote the building of businesses and independence.

Front 28

The Delhi Rape Case

Back 28

Gang rape of female Indian student on a bus heading home from a movie. She died from her injuries, causing a massive public outcry against the flawed police and political system.