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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were the wide, treeless plains inhabited by the Mongols?
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Steppes
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What was the key to Mongolian empire's success?
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Leadership, military structure, adept horseback riders
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Mongols traveled in family groups called clans or?
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Patrilineal
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What is the swearing of brotherhood in a Mongol clan?
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Anda
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What does "noker" mean?
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"Follower", after a sworn oath to follow a leader; join two tribes together to make a powerful leader
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What was the name of the Mongol's portable housing?
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A "yurt" or "ger"
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What did the Mongol warriors carry? (hint: during a long trip)
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Extra horses to carry water, food and to serve as a fresh ride when a horse grew tired; also carried bows, arrows, an ax, a rope and a sword
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What was Temujin's other name?
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Genghis Khan - meant "ruler of all within the seas"
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How was Genghis Khan's army organized?
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Units of 10,000 troops then subdivided into 1,000, 100 and 10 and all had a leader above to ensure a well-synchronized order
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How did Genghis Khan incorporate communication in the military?
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Drums, calls, shouts and bird calls
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What were the areas of weakness for the Mongols?
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They had no written language and weapon technology development; and stole their inventions from captive craftspeople
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What did Genghis do to ensure that there was order in his lands?
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He created the Yasak which was otherwise known as a set of laws
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Who was Kublai Khan?
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The grandson of Genghis Khan
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Who did the Mongol Empire reach its height under?
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Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis
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What Mongol territories were under Kublai Khan?
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Europe, most of the Middle East and China
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Why was Kublai unable to conquer Japan?
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Because Japan was surrounded by sea and the Mongols main attack were there horse, the tsunamis kept slowing the Mongols down
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What were the inns used for and who were they built by?
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Kublai built them for the postal system and the inn was used for traveling merchants
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What two aspects of empire-building and maintenance did the postal system offer?
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It increased communication and trade
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Were the Mongols better conquerors or rulers?
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Conquerors because communication was difficult, they took on the cultural habits of the conquered people: Language, religion .... The unity of the empire was destroyed
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What happened before the Mongols took over Northern China?
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Genghis Khan died and they attacked China
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Where did Kublai Khan move the capital from and why?
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Moved the capital from Mongolia to Beijing so that he could be closer to his subjects
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When Kublai moved the capital what certain Chinese traditions of Government did he adopt?
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1. Rebuilt the capital in traditional style
2. He declared himself emperor and Son of heaven 3. Founded a dynasty |
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How many Chinese died under Mongol rule?
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A million including half of the North
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How did the Mongols interrupt Chinese life and culture?
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Disease followed attacks; cities were burned; fertile land was lost to pasture for the horses; canal and irrigation were neglected; Chinese farmers lost their jobs to Mongol civil servants
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