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57 Cards in this Set
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1919 |
Who: The year of disruption in da US. Great majority of the military died in WW1What: The year of discretion in the U.S, men came back discharged from the military & jobs were taken from American women to give to the men. Before the war Unions had agreed to a NO strike policy. During the war inflation got really bad (ie. the prices of every goods doubled), but their wages weren’t raised so there were strikes in many area once the war ended (basically the no strike policy ended when the war ended). It even cause transportation companies to shut down, and the boston police department. When: Right after WWI Where: Why:
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American Commie Party |
Who: (Bolsheviks) terrorists in merica What: communism being spread in mericaWhen: 1919Where: Wall Street bombing Why: led to Palmer raids and what not
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Attorney General, Mitchell Palmer
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Who: Attorney general of the USWhat: His house was bombed by anarchists, but thankfully he was not home. He had his F.B.I go after recent new immigrants- went after Italians, russians, and others from eastern Europe immigrants. Hundreds were deported back to their country of origin. Without due process→ you were deportedWhen: 1919Where:Why:
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President Election of 1920 |
Who: Republican candidates: Senator→ Warren G. Harding & governor Calvin Coolidge----> WON BY LANDSLIDE (Harding was very popular)Democrat: Franklin D. Roosevelt What: Harding’s campaign “It’s time for America to return to Normalcy”- had special supporters by big businesses (trustees). Died after 2 years in office making Calvin Coolidge president. When:1920
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18th Amendment |
What: banned the sale, manufacture, & transportation of alcoholWhen: prohibition in effect from 1920-1933→ progressive accomplishment. Where: the amendment made it illegal to sell alcohol anywhere in the US
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Harding Administration |
What: president harding was drinking when alcohol was illegal (& gambling which was illegal all over the US). He was sexually active outside of his marriage & made bad choices when it came to choosing his cabinet members: he chose his friends. His administration was full of scandals.Attorney General Harry Daugherty (Hardings elementary schoolmate) began to take bribes from criminals Teapot Dome Scandal: Harding picked the secretary of the interior. Albert B. Fall. With federal land in Wyoming where oil was reserved for US Navy. Fall took $400,00 bribes that allowed private companies to pump oil.
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Automobile Industry |
Who:Henry ford (model T)What: carsWhen: Millions of automobiles were produced in 1920 Where: not invented in the USWhy: He revolutionized the production (he did not change the Model)- invented a way to manufacture high quality automobiles @ a good price where average americans could afford. Automobile industry boomed and the economy improvedHere is the philosophy of henry ford, “create a high quality and low cost vehicle using happy or content workers”Happy workers; Ford paid his employees double the average factory wage, gave them paid vacations, open cafeterias, and short work week The model t low cost, for years, did not change the model. It was cheaper to keep it the same, he didn't offer different options Assembly line in manufacturing- many more cars=produced in less time=mass production HENRY FORD INTRODUCED THE ASSEMBLY LINE BUT HE DID NOT INVENT IT Millions of automobiles on the road created a demand for roads (before they were just dirt roads) and when it rains it was hard to drive on Led to many road pavers that were developed Factories to make tires, batteries & more for cars.
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1920s Era |
-1920- First commercial radio station advertising came about from this and it stimulated the economy (advertising on the radio-certain products began to sell); sports events on the radio & more stimulated the economy-1927- the first talking movieStock Market went up significantly
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Women in the 1920s |
Style: Prior to the 1920’s women dressed very conservatively; During the 1920’s however, style became more dramatic and acceptable such as short dresses, short hair, and makeup (started going to the bars and drinking/smoking in public)- before women wouldn’t consider going into bar or but then became stylish to flaunt the law1920’s Sexual Revolution: Double standard. Speakeasies and Flappers came on the rise. Police were paid to look the other way. Religious conservatives resisted these trends. President Calvin Coolidge also resisted these trends; Paw Paw described Coolidge as being a “prude”.
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Calvin Coolidge |
-Ran in the election of 1924 (and won)-very religious (boasted that he had never had a single drink of alcohol or tobacco in his life)-Known as “Silent Cal” because he was introverted/antisocial. Paw Paw described how Coolidge would sit at an official dinner near people and not say a word for the entire meal. Had a monotone voice (Included this bullet because Paw Paw went on and on about how quiet he was) -faithful to his wife-Talkies 1927 -During the election of 1928 he decided he didn’t want to be president anymore
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President Election of 1928 |
REPUBLICAN: Herbert Hoover DEMOCRAT: Al Smith (Governor of New York/Catholic/loved alcohol and was against the prohibition) HOOVER WON, SEC Of Commerce, supported the economic and foreign policy, he was in favor of the prohibition, Crime: Gangs (Al Capone/mobsters), Alcohol
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KKK 1920s |
Who: ignorant neckass racist buttholes who hated basically everyone for no darn reason:ImmigrantsAnti-communist Anti- African Americans
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Stock Market/ Economy |
Who: Things were going well in Hoover’s presidency until October 1929 when the stock market crashed What: Billions were lost. Ultimately led to the Great Depression.
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Great Depression |
Who: Everyone was hurt by this, average people stopped spending money on things that they didn't need, worried they were going to lose their jobWhat: The economic crisis and period of low business activity in the u.s and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in When: around 1929 through 1930Where: U.S and around the worldWhy: started with the stock-market crashing...people in Henry Ford factories, restaurants started to get laid off. Gradually people had no income, couldn't pay rent or mortgage people would get evicted
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Bread Lines or "Soup Kitchens" |
Who: Impoverished AmericansWhat: A place where people could get meals, often . People didn’t care how long you would wait in line or how many people were in line. It was often where they would get their 1 meal for the day.
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"Riding the Rails" |
Who: Poor young men who wanted to find work
What: Would jump onto trains going to another town in hopes of finding work. |
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Hoovervilles |
What: shantytowns where impoverished victims of the Great Depression slept under newspapers/scrap metal and in makeshifts tents; named after President Herbert Hoover When: during the Great Depression Where: All over America
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Bonus March |
Who: Bonus Army, 20,000 people. They were veterans of the Great War. set up a “hooverville” 20,000 people. Many hitchhiked, the village was full with families. Picked representatives to see president Hoover and tried to talk with the congressmen. Congress had promised these men (the Bonus Army) a bonus in 1944. Said their children were starving and that they wouldn’t be alive by then, but he and congress said NO. The Bonus Army was ordered to leave Washington because they were a “health hazard.” 2,000 refused to leave & Hoover ordered the US army to run them out. Violent exit, with photographers and reporters were there a Damaged Hoover’s representation /republican CongressWhat: When: 1932Where: Washington D.C.
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Election of 1932 |
Who: Democrat - Franklin D. Roosevelt. Republican - Herbert Hoover.Both had very different personalities; Franklin was very positive versus Hoover who was depressed. What: Roosevelt won by a landslide When: Where: 1932
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Franklin D Roosevelt |
What: Franklin married Eleanor Roosevelt (Theodore Roosevelt’s niece). Very influential first lady, visit places around the country, civil rights advocate, advocate for women’s causes. Became a little celebrity. Franklin even had a secret handicap; at 30 he contracted polio (cure not till 1955) so he lost function in legs meaning he had to wear large heavy braces. He didn’t think the American people would accept him in a wheelchair. The press did not mention it because he asked, showing how much respect they had for him. NEW DEAL NEW DEAL NEW DEAL (made rich people think of him as a traitor of his own class)
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Hundred Days |
Who: Franklin D RooseveltWhat: The first 100 days of FDR’s presidency where more legislation was passed than ever before in such a short period of time. Included the Banking Holiday (federal banking act,) Federal Deposit Insurance Corps, End of prohibition (21st amendment,)
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Federal Banking Act of 1933 |
Who: ALL BANKS IN THE USA WERE TO BE EXAMINED BEFORE REOPENING What: Federal Govt. announced for all banks to be closed immediately, if they found out a bank made a lot of loans that weren’t being paid on time or if their cash reserves were very low and could fail, they would close down the bank forever When: 1933. Also happened during FDR’s 100 days as the Banking holiday Where: Merica Why: Franklin said banks had to be fully functioning if not, the economy wouldn't work So they made this as a “Bank Holiday” and helped the somewhat healthy banks prosper and get healthy.
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Beer and Wine Revenue Act |
Who: FDR passed thisWhat: Govt gets tax money collected on alcohol, only beer and wine was covered and had a reduce alcohol content; Beer going from 6% to 3.2%When: first 100 daysWhere: Mericaa Why: This act came about because the 21st Amendment would replace the 18th amendment, alcohol was legal again, it took 9 months to get it on the constitution
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Civilian Conservation Corporation |
Who: Only one member of the family could be employed to these agencies What: first of the “work for money program”, idea was to provide discipline to young people with work ethics. When: during the time period unemployment rates were highWhere: In order to work for the C.C.C. a person would have to in a work camp outside the city in the wilderness, no smoking or drinking was allowed Why: These camps were designed to help relieve high rate of unemployment between ages 18-25. After the work week, the government would divide the money up amongst the household.
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21st Amendment |
Who: FDRWhat: Repeals the 18th amendment When: in FDR first 100 days, but didn’t get ratified until 90 days later
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Work Progress Administration (WPA) |
Who: FDR/ new deal What: Came about from the new deal. Agency that hired people from major occupations (teachers, carpenters, writers, artists, etc,)--people actually had to work for compensation. The WPA built and re-built a lot of useful things such as airports, schools, roads, bridges, hospitals, etc.. Considered the first part of the New Deal **biggest thing the New Deal accomplished
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1935 Social Security Act |
Who: FDRWhat: It was an old age pension. You had to be 62 for partial benefits and 65 for full. 1% was taken from the workers pay and 1% from the employer.When: 1935Where:Why: Because it was a time when most Americans did physical labor; for example, carpenters, farmers. Franklin Roosevelt’s “Brain Trust” (cabinet members and others he called on for advice) which he took very seriously, help him create this.
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Election of 1936 |
FDR gets reelected |
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Court Packing Proposal |
Who: FDRWhat: Because the 9 justices have their jobs until death. 6 were over the age of 70 at the time, so FDR came up with the idea to add a justice for everyone over the age of 70. Which would make it 15 justices, so they would say his New Deal proposals were constitutional. Congress turned it down, and even papers compared him to a dictator. When: Where:Why: Bad because it’s out of his power to change the checks and balance
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Dictators |
Who: Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler
Where: Stalin- Soviet Union (More detailed term later)Mussolini- Italy Hitler- Germany |
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WWII (beginning periods) |
Who: Germany, PolandWhat: Germany used a blitzkrieg (a sudden and overwhelming force) to invade Poland. Hitler picked Poland as his first conquest because they had a weak military force. Within two weeks of its invasion it was totally conquered, but for months after nothing really happened. Meanwhile, America made another neutrality proclamation, while Great Britain and France declared war on Germany. But they did nothing, everyone just waited [April, 1940] Germany invaded Northern and Western Europe: Belgium and France were defeated by June. Adolf Hitler makes a huge mistake by invading Soviet Union during winter and over extended their resources. Now the Allied Powers: G. Britain, France, Soviet Union (by necessity)When: [September 1, 1939]
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Winston Churchill |
Who: Prime minister of Great BritainWhat: New Great Britain was at risk of being concurred by Germany. So He met with President Roosevelt and begged to set the American people to help, but he knew the people did not want that. When: WWII pre US involvement
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Battle of Britain |
Who: Germany against Great Britain What: Constant attacks by the German Air force. Sirens would sound at night while people would hide in bomb shelters; it put Britain on the verge of collapsing.
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America’s ‘Neutrality’ Proclamation/Cash and Carry Program/Land-Lease Program
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Who: America and Great BritainWhat: After Germany attacked Poland America announced another Neutrality Proclamation. Then there was a “calm” period until the Battle of Britain. FDR had fireside chats (which had significant reach because most families had a radio) to arose American support for Great Britain. So America began secretly having this Cash and Carry Program. In which the U.S. sold weapons to G.B. with cash and the Brits would carry the weapons from U.S. to Britain; this was out of fear for the U-boats attacking American people which would force them to go to war. It also began the end of the Great Depression. Roosevelt created the Lend-Lease Program, which he explain over the radio with an analogy about a neighbor's house being on fire, so should America lend Great Britain use our hose (i.e. lets lease them our weapons)
Why: The American people had just gone through the depression and FDR did not want to force the country back into war. Especially because he knew that’s not what the American people wanted. Also the Cash and Carry Program had to end because GB was going bankrupt so we created the Lend-Lease Program. |
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Soviet Union/ Stalin |
Who: Joined the Allied Powers, U.S. extended the Lend Lease Act to include them What: S.U. was ruled by dictator Joseph Stalin who was responsible for murder of 20 million Soviet Citizen. All property was owned by the government “for the benefit of the citizens.” Collectivization of their agriculture: all farms taken from owners and given to the government. If they were upper class (in the communist party, a government official). They liquidated 20 million of their own people.
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Pearl Harbor |
Who: The Japanese What: The Japanese launched a surprise air attack on the US fleet and military bases established in Hawaii. When: December 7, 1941Where: Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Why: This caused the US to declare war on Japan and enter into WWII. Japan wanted to build an empire by invading China. China was an ally of the US at the time
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Battle of Coral Sea |
What: Major naval battle in the pacific theater of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and naval and air forces from the United States and Australia.When: Fought during 4-8 May 1942
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Cold War |
Yalta led to the rise of the Cold War between U.S and Soviet UnionIt was a political and economic struggle between both nations The Rosenbergs passed secrets to Soviet Union on how to make bombs, first one exploded in 1949, they were later executedWar became an arms race, both sides had atomic bombs, when war ended each had about 8,000 eachU.S lost 300,000 man in war, US economy after the war was boomingSoviet Union came out of war stronger, in control of all Eastern Europe; able to extract wealth from them Had the the ability to make Earth inhabitable because of the radioactivity
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Korean War |
Who: Between Soviet Union(North Korea) and U.S (South Korea)
What: One of the wars during the Cold War, after WWII, Soviets liberated North Korea (client state and Communist) and the U.S controlled South Korea.When: 1950-1953 also known as “Forgotten War” Where: KOREA General MacArthur was in charge of this force Why: Soviet Union announced that it was sponsoring Worldwide Revolution for the Spread of Communism which caused these three wars. AUGUST 1940, North Korea using tanks, guns and planes under Soviet Union, invaded South Korea. President Truman went to the U.N who agreed to raise an international army against South Korea.North Koreans were driven through South Korean, within 50 miles of China's border200,000 Chinese communists attacked U.N forces pushing them all the way back to South Korea. 57,000 U.S. military people were killed |
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General MacArthur leader of the Korean War
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Came up with a plan to win the war by bombing China because Soviet Union is providing weapons and China are only providing people (poor country)
Had to get Trumas permission for bombing but he refused because he feared it would start a direct war. MacArthur decided to risk his military career and decided to become a whistleblower to report directly to American people with what was going on He wrote a detailed letter to a Republican providing an outline with how Truman has made it impossible to win the war Truman fired MacArthur and sent him back to the U.S though many people sided with him in bombing China |
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Election of 1952 |
Truman was unpopular at this point, didn’t run againRep. Dwight D. Eisenhower; if elected will go to Korea V.P Richard M. Nixon, senator from Cali., Dem. Adlai Stevenson, Illinois Gov. (no idea who this man is)Eisenhower won, went to Korea, didn't think to bomb, wanted to end it with a treaty. Truce was reached, war stopped with no treaty. HOORRAY!
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Civil Rights Movement of 1950s |
Jim Crow Laws; segregation of transportation, hospitals, hotels, schoolsVoting was bad, 20% of African Americans population couldn’t vote, less than 2% in Mississippi There were poll taxes and literacy tests where you had to prove if you could read and right before registering to vote; all disadvantages for African Americans.
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Plessy V Ferguson |
Who: Homer Plessy & Justice John H. FergusonWhat: Major Supreme Court decision that allowed the segregation of facilities as long as they were equal
When: 1954 Where: Overturned during the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas in 1954 Why: 1896, Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine. Oliver Brown says this is “Inherently unreal” and therefore unconstitutional Massive Resistance VA adopted this policy after the court case, did everything they could to resist schools with blacks Set up private schools for whites, only way to get around court's rules Federal Court ordered public schools in Prince Edward County, Farmville to desegregate, instead they shut down every school system and African Americans had nowhere to go.Lasted for 5 years of no public schools, only private for whites Schools would reopen 5 years later . |
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Little Rock Arkansas |
September 1957, School board in Little Rock, Arkansas won court order to admit nine African American students to Central High who had white students Governor Orville Faubus,(racist MOFO) ordered troops to prevent the 9 kids from entering the high school. Appeared at the school with state National guards to block themPresident Eisenhower who wants desegregation of schools, was forced to act and ordered US Army to send troops to Little Rock to protect and escort the 9 students.
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1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott |
Who: Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King
What: It was a boycott that would last for a day that was a huge success. People were unsure it would work since the bus was the only means of transportation for people to get to and from work. Rosa Parks: Civil Rights activist who sat in a white section on the bus and wouldn't get up and was later arrested. She is the reason for this boycott Martin Luther King: Used nonviolent, careful protest inspired by Ghandi, to confront unfair laws, persuaded blacks to stay away from buses which put pressure and financial burdens on buses Boycott last one year when case got to supreme court and ruled that segregation on public transportation was unconstitutional, next day buses and trains were desegregated (Courts were used by the NAACP org to try to get transportation desegregated) |
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Election of 1960 |
Dem. John F. Kennedy WON V.P Lyndon B. Johnson
Rep. Richard M. Nixon V.P For Eisenhower for 8 years |
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Televised Debate “Great Debate”
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September 26,1960 with millions of viewers
Nixon: Didn’t realize the importance of this and didn't prepare himself after being hospitalized for the debate Gave the image of lying and third of RADIO listeners thought Nixon should win After the lost, went to Cali and ran for governor in 1962 Kennedy: understood this debate was about the power of image and reputation Accused the Eisenhower Admin saying “Soft on Communism” and accused them on “Missile Gap”. Spoke on Civil Rights movement and said he can make segregation go away T.V watchers thought he should win. |
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Cuban Missile Crisis |
Who: Between Cuba and U.S, closes to direct war
What: period in 1962 in which Soviet Union had placed nuclear missiles in Cuba to scare the U.S Why: 1959, Fidel Castro finished his revolution and announced he was communist so took over Cuba and made them an enemy to U.S.- United States C.I.A tried to assassinate him for being communist but failed. Castro reached out to Soviet Union for help in return they sent him money and soldiers to Cuba. U.S then sent spy planes over to cuba to take pictures and revealed there were soviet missiles with nuclear warheads aimed at the U.S Kennedy announced U.S was going to quarantine Cuba. Dictator of Soviet Union and Kennedy had a stand-off that lasts for weeks until an agreement came that if Kennedy removes Missiles in Turkey, they would take missiles away from the U.S. This ended the cuban crisis. |
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Birmingham Alabama |
Who: Dr.King and his protesters against the police
What: where King advocated most of his efforts such as marches, mass meetings against the mistreat of African Americans When: 1963 Why: Bull made it in immoral issue and didn't want Alabama to be segregated. The fire department aimed powerful hoses knocking men, women and children down. Officers allowed their dogs to bite African Americans to stop their protest. This was big and was televised LIVE on T.V; big deal |
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Civil Rights Act 1963 |
August 1963, Dr.King led his march in Washington D.C. to endorse the Civil Rights Act to be passed by Congress
More than 200,000 came out, 25% were white, huge success with no disruption King made him famous speech “I have a Dream” DID NOT PASS |
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Civil rights Act of 1964 |
Ended segregation, banned discrimination for housing and employment. Also applied to gender.
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Lee Harvey Osward |
Who: sniper who killed President Kennedy
When: November 22, 1963 Where: Dealey Plaza- Dallas, Texas Why:Convinced Soviet Union Govt. to allow him to move to Soviet Union and wrote them a letter saying he was a communist;unusual. The day after assassination he was killed by Jack Ruby |
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President Lyndon B Johnson |
Sworn in as President after the Kennedy assassination
Opposite lifestyle of Kennedy, poor and father went bankrupt Had strong Civil Rights Accomplishment Presidency was ruined with war on Vietnam |
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Election of 1964 |
Civil Rights ended segregation same year of election. Banned discrimination, housing and employment Dem. Lyndon B. Johnson WON by a LANDSLIDE V.P Hubert H. Humphrey
Rep. Barry Goldwater, extremely conservative |
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War on Poverty |
Who: Johnson ended this
What: helped out Americans over 65-years-old Medicare and Medicaid begun for the first time, especially for impoverished children. HUD, the department of Housing and Urban Development was created to help subside rent. |
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Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
Mississippi was notorious for its institutionalized denial of the right to vote for African Americans. Less than 5% of the black population was registered to vote. There was even a law for the names of newly registered African American voters to be published, as a way for employers to know and threaten them with their jobs. It was a legal opening for intimidation. Freedom Summer [1964], college age peoples went to Mississippi to encourage African Americans to vote. Many were confronted by groups of white people along their way. During this 3 of the men had disappeared, but the sheriff said they could not find them. So the FBI was sent to investigate; finding they had been arrested by local police and then were let go. After being recaptured by the police and local KKK members and were tortured and shot and even pushed their car into a lake. Many people told them they will still not register to vote out of fear, they reminded them that they had to live there. But Freedom Summer was one of the main reason the press started talk about these issues and forced LBJ to pass legislation on it. The law made former confederate states put the federal government in charge.
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Poor Man's War |
Who: Rich people
What: The Vietnam War. 550,000 drafted troops in Vietnam. 20,000 young men fled the country to escape the draft. While many others volunteered. If you were a full time college student, or grad, with a C average that never dropped you won’t be drafted into war, if they dipped below this the college would send it over and student would be drafted within a few months. People chanted “linden b j how many children did you kill today?” congress gave him the authority. The US dropped more bombs on N Vietnam that the allies in WWII. When: 1969 went to lottery system Where: U.S Why: To help South Vietnam fight against the North Vietnam was getting help from the S.U. and China so the war was part of the containment of communism in the pacific. |
