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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Front (Term) Hypothesis |
Back (Definition) Prediction that stems from a theory in a way that allows it to be tested |
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Front (Term) Independent Variable |
Back (Definition) The variable that is manipulated by the researcher |
Presumed cause |
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Front (Term) Dependent Variable |
Back (Definition) Variable measured in an experiment |
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Random Sample |
Everyone has an equal chance of being selected |
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Data Analysis |
Gathering data |
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Mental Disorder |
A pattern of behavioral and psychological symptoms that causes significant personal distress, impairs the ability to function in one or more important areas in daily living |
Pattern/Significant |
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Abnormal Behavior - deviation from the average |
Behavior may be considered abnormal if it occurs rarely or infrequently in relation to the behavior of a specific society/culture |
Rarely/Infrequently |
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Abnormal Behavior - deviation from the ideal |
Behavior may be considered abnormal if it deviates from accepted social standards, norms, or ideas |
Accepted |
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Abnormal Behavior - sense of personal discomfort |
Behavior maybe considered abnormal if it produces a sense of personal distress, anxiety, or guilt or is harmful to others in some way |
Personal |
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Abnormal Behavior - inability to function effectively |
May be considered abnormal if a person has an inability to adapt to the demands of society |
Adapting |
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Abnormal Behavior - as a legal concept |
Behavior may be considered abnormal if the person is deemed to be insane |
Legal term |
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Insanity |
Legal term not psychological term. Not knowing the difference between right and wrong at the time of the offense. |
Right and wrong |
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Diagnosis - clinical assessment |
Involves a systematic evaluation of an individual's various psychological, biological, and social factors as well as identifying past and present problems, stressors, and other cognitive/behavioral symptoms. |
Evaluation |
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Clinical Assessment - Neurological test |
Medical test |
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Clinical Assessment - psychological tests |
Only for certain tests like: gifted, ADHD, disabilities |
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Clinical Assessment - clinical interview |
Method of gathering info about a persons past and current behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, emotions, and problems |
Not optional |
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Clinical Diagnosis |
Process of matching an individual's specific symptoms to those that define a particular disorder |
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DSM-5 |
Describes specific symptoms that must be present in order for someone to be diagnosed with a mental disorder |
Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition |
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Anxiety Disorder |
Occurrence of anxiety with or without an obvious external cause that affects daily functioning. Symptoms typically are described as being physiological, emotional, behavioral, or cognitive. |
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Panic Disorder |
Intense fear and anxiety in the absence of danger that results in recurrent and unexpected panic attacks lasting a few seconds to hours. It is typically treated with therapy and with or without medication. |
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Specific Phobias |
Intense and irrational fear of specific objects or situations. |
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Common phobias |
A. Fear of particular situation (crowded spaces) B. Fear of natural environment (lightning) C. Fear of blood/injury D. Fear of animals/insects |
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GAD |
Having long term persistent uncontrollable worry about almost everything. These feelings are present for majority of the days for at least 6 months. Can be treated with therapy and with/without medication. |
Generalized anxiety disorder |
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Psychotherapy |
Treatment in which a trained therapist uses psychological techniques to help a person overcome psychological difficulties and or disorders, resolve problems and daily living, or bring about personal growth. |
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Biomedical |
Uses medication, ECT, or other medical interventions to improve psychological therapy. |
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Baker act |
Involuntary hospitalization due to: danger to self, danger to others, self neglect. Can be held for 72 hours. After 72 hours: person can be discharged is stable, person can sign involuntarily to stay, or court order is made for person to stay if unstable. |
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Psychiatrist |
Holds M.D. - education is 5-10 years after bachelors degree |
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Psychologist |
Holds doctorate in psychology and philosophy. Education is 5-8 years after bachelors. |
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Social Worker |
Holds masters degree and LCSW. Education is 3-5 years after bachelors. |
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Systematic Desensitization |
Exposure to an anxiety producing stimulus is paired with deep relaxation in order to reduce the response to anxiety |
Exposure therapy |
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Cognitive approach |
CBT cognitive behavior therapy. Seeks to change the thought patterns that lead to dysfunctional ways of thinking which in turn modifies behaviors. |
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Eclectic approach |
Involves combining in using techniques and ideas from many different therapeutic approaches |
Most common approach |
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Group therapy |
Involves one or more therapist working with a small group of clients who have similar issues |
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Family therapy |
Focuses on family as a whole system. Ideal for children and adolescents since it removes them from the center of attention. |
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OCD |
Involves a pattern of unwanted intrusive thoughts and the urge to engage in repetitive actions. |
Obsession/compulsion |
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Common OCD thoughts |
A. Contamination (germs) B. Pathological thoughts C. Violent sexual thoughts |
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Common OCD compulsions |
A. Counting B. Checking C. Washing hands D. Symmetry/Precision |
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Treatment for OCD |
With/without medicine. Exposure therapy. |
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Mood Disorder |
A disturbance in emotional experiences that is strong enough to interfere with ones everyday living |
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Major Depressive Disorder MDD |
Having at least 2 weeks of continually having a depressed mood or having no interest in anything |
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Symptoms |
A. Problems with concentration B. Sleep (hypersonnia/insomnia) C. Decrease/increase in appetite D. Energy/motivation E. Suicidal thoughts |
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MDD facts |
Approx. 15 million Americans are affected with MDD symptoms
Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed |
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Treatment for MDD |
Therapy with or without medication.
Meds - antidepressants (take 4 weeks to work)
ECT - last resort and done in hospital. Need 10 treatments in one month. Gives mild seizures. |
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Bipolar 1 (most common) |
Characterized by fluctuations between episodes of depression and mania. At some point in the persons life they had to have been majorly depressed. |
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Manic Episode |
Lasts for at least one week during which a person experiences intense happiness, power, or energy. In addition they have little need for sleep, have rapid speech, and spend lavishly. |
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Bipolar 2 |
Hypo mania and depression. May have manic episodes but not as heightened. |
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Treatment for bipolar disorder |
Therapy & medication - Lithium which prevent manic episodes |
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Schizophrenia |
Severe mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perceptions, emotions, and behaviors. To be diagnosed you must have 2 out of 5 symptoms present for at least 6 months. |
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Suicide |
Every 12.8 minutes someone in the US commits suicide.
Nearly 1 million people attempt suicide every year.
In the U.S. Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death.
For 15-24 year olds, suicide was the #2 leading cause of death.
Males are 4 times more likely to commit suicide. |
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Schizophrenia Active Symptoms |
A. Delusions B. Hallucinations (4 types: visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory) C. Disorganized speech |
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Schizophrenia Negative Symptoms |
A. Disorganized behavior B. Abolition - inability in goal directed activities |
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Schizophrenia Recovery - type 1 |
Having positive symptoms only, no intellectual impairments, have good reaction to medicine can live a normal life with schizophrenia |
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Schizophrenia Recovery - type 2 |
At least one negative symptoms, poor reaction to meds, intellectual impairment - cannot live a normal life |
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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia - genetics |
If family member has it, you have an increased risk of having it. If one identical twin is schizophrenic, the other has a 48% chance the other will have it too. If one fraternal twin has it, the other has a 17% chance of having it. |
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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia - gender |
Men who father children at 45 years old or older have two times that chance of having children with schizophrenia |
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Schizophrenia treatment |
Symptoms take place between the ages of 18-24
It is treated with antipsychotic medication and neuroleptics
Abilify |
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Personality Disorder |
Characterized by a set of inflexible maladaptive behavior patterns that keeps a person from functioning adequately in society |
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Antisocial Personality |
Shows no regard for moral and ethical rules of society or for the rights of others. Lying, assaults, irritability, impulsivity. |
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Schizophrenia |
Severe mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perceptions, emotions, and behaviors. To be diagnosed you must have 2 out of 5 symptoms present for at least 6 months. |
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Suicide |
Every 12.8 minutes someone in the US commits suicide.
Nearly 1 million people attempt suicide every year.
In the U.S. Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death.
For 15-24 year olds, suicide was the #2 leading cause of death.
Males are 4 times more likely to commit suicide. |
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Schizophrenia Active Symptoms |
A. Delusions B. Hallucinations (4 types: visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory) C. Disorganized speech |
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Schizophrenia Negative Symptoms |
A. Disorganized behavior B. Abolition - inability in goal directed activities |
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Schizophrenia Recovery - type 1 |
Having positive symptoms only, no intellectual impairments, have good reaction to medicine can live a normal life with schizophrenia |
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Schizophrenia Recovery - type 2 |
At least one negative symptoms, poor reaction to meds, intellectual impairment - cannot live a normal life |
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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia - genetics |
If family member has it, you have an increased risk of having it. If one identical twin is schizophrenic, the other has a 48% chance the other will have it too. If one fraternal twin has it, the other has a 17% chance of having it. |
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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia - gender |
Men who father children at 45 years old or older have two times that chance of having children with schizophrenia |
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Schizophrenia treatment |
Symptoms take place between the ages of 18-24
It is treated with antipsychotic medication and neuroleptics
Abilify |
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Personality Disorder |
Characterized by a set of inflexible maladaptive behavior patterns that keeps a person from functioning adequately in society |
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Antisocial Personality |
Shows no regard for moral and ethical rules of society or for the rights of others. Lying, assaults, irritability, impulsivity. |
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