Final Exam

Front 1

Parkinson disease

Back 1

Patient has

Slow movements

Difficulty initiating voluntary muscles

Basal ganglia affected

Front 2

Delta brainwaves

Back 2

Active during sleep

Front 3

Babinski reflex

Back 3

Abnormal dorsiflexionof the great toe up and fanning of smaller toes.

Damage to reflex arc or

Injury to corticospinal tract

Front 4

Adrenergic Fibers

Back 4

Sympathetic post ganglionic fibers

Front 5

Dermatone

Back 5

Area of skin supplied by sensory nerve fibers from a particular dorsal root

Front 6

Somatic Nervous System

Back 6

Connects the CNS to skin and skeletal muscles

Front 7

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 7

Connects CNS to visceral organs

Front 8

Substantia Nigra

Back 8

Part of the brain that assigns value to memory

Front 9

Unconscious or Coma

Back 9

Injury to reticular formation

Front 10

Sensory nerve fibers cross over

Back 10

Right hemisphere of cerebrum recieves sensory from left side

Vice versa

Front 11

Aphasia

Back 11

Loss of ability to speak

Front 12

CVA Stroke

Back 12

Interruption of the blood flow to the brain that can lead to cerebrum damage

Front 13

Partial blindness

Back 13

Results from injury to the visual cortex of the right occipital lobe

Front 14

Hypothalamus Functions

Back 14

Regulate body temp

Control hunger

Produce hormones

Control thirst

Front 15

Frontal lobe Functions

Back 15

Complex reasoning

Critical thinking

Ex. Test questions

Front 16

Damage to Broca's area

Back 16

Loss of ability to speak from brain injury

Front 17

ALS

Back 17

Clumsiness

Muscle fasciculations

Difficulty speaking coherently

Increasing weakness in limbs

Front 18

All reflexes

Back 18

Have a reflex arc

Front 19

Cortical spinal tract controls

Back 19

Voluntary muscle movements

Front 20

Sequence of reflex arc

Back 20

Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector

Rsime

Front 21

Lobes of brain

Back 21

Frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal

Front 22

Parietal lobe

Back 22

Pain

Front 23

Occipital Lobe

Back 23

Vision

Front 24

Temporal Lobe

Back 24

Hearing

Recognition of printed words

Front 25

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 25

Adrenergic Fibers

Norepinephrine

Front 26

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Back 26

Cholinergic fibers

Acetylcholine

Front 27

Nerve endings

Back 27

Krause, cold

ruffini, hot

pacinian, deep pressure

meissner, touch and pressure

Tacticle, light touch and pressure

Golgi tendon organ, tension of muscle

Front 28

Rods

Back 28

Vision in dim light

General outlines

Front 29

Cones

Back 29

Color vision

Sharp images

Front 30

General sense receptors

Back 30

Found throughout the body

Front 31

Special senses

Back 31

Arise from receptors located in head

Front 32

Perception

Back 32

Input from sensory receptors

Front 33

Sensory adaption

Back 33

Sensory receptors become unresponsive or inhibition along the CNS pathway

Front 34

Flow of sensory information

Back 34

Sensory receptors activated

Impulse sent to CNS

Sensation

Perception

Front 35

Olfactory receptors

Back 35

Chemo receptors

Front 36

Sensation

Back 36

Feeling that results from sensory stimulation

Front 37

Projection

Back 37

Brain causes a sensation to seem to come from the receptors being stimulated

Front 38

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy

Back 38

Intense burning sensation from where a body part has been amputated

Phantom pain

Front 39

Chemo receptors

Back 39

Stimulated by

Concentration of chemical substances

Front 40

Pain receptors

Back 40

AKA - nocieptors

Stimulated by

Damaged tissue

Front 41

Thermoreceptors

Back 41

Stimulated by

Temperature changes

Front 42

Baroreceptors

Back 42

Stimulated by

Blood pressure changes

Front 43

Spinotahlamic

Back 43

Transmit information to the brainstem

Front 44

Tympanic reflex

Back 44

Less effective vibrations being transmitted to the inner ear

Front 45

Taste receptors

Back 45

Modified epithelial cells

Front 46

Taste sensations

Back 46

Sweet

Salty

Sour

Umami

Bitter

Front 47

More rods than cones in retina

Back 47

Leads to visual sensation from images focused in the retina to be blurred

Front 48

why it takes time to see things in a dark room

Back 48

Takes time for retina to rebuild it's rhododendron stores from opsin and retinene

Front 49

Light is refracted when it passes between media of different optical density at an oblique angle

Back 49

L

Front 50

Anosmia

Back 50

Loss of smell

Front 51

Torn tympanic membrane

Back 51

Differential diagnosis for someone with conductive deafness

Front 52

Treat cataracts

Back 52

Removal of lens

Front 53

Glaucoma

Back 53

Accumulation of aqueous humor

Front 54

Colorblind

Back 54

Lacks a type of photopigment

Front 55

Synesthesia

Back 55

Condition where brain interprets a stimulus to one sense as coming from another

Days of week or months as a color

Front 56

Cause of smell and taste disorders

Back 56

Allergies

Head injury

Infections that clog the nose

Side effect of a drug

Front 57

Astigmatism

Back 57

Visual defect due to errors in refraction caused by abnormal curvatures in the surface of the cornea or lens

Some images focus, others blurred

Front 58

Exocrine glands

Back 58

Secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior

Sweat glands

Front 59

Hormones

Back 59

Regulate metabolism

Aid in membrane transport

Regulates water and electrolyte balance and blood pressure

Functions in growth, reproduction, and development

Front 60

Steroid Hormones

Back 60

Lipid soluble

Combine with protein receptor molecules

Cause mrna synthesis

Consists of complex organic rings

Front 61

Posterior pituitary hormones

Back 61

Synthesized in the hypothalamus

Front 62

Negative feedback

Back 62

Controls hormone concentrations

Front 63

Antidiuretic hormone

Back 63

Secrete from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Front 64

Treatment of type 2 diabetes

Back 64

Drugs

Exercise

Maintaining desirable body weight

Restricting dietary carbohydrate to those high in fiber

Front 65

Diabetes mellitus

Back 65

Weight loss

Fatty acids and ketone bodies accumulate in the blood

Pancreas cannot produce insulin or the body cannot respond to it

Insulin must be taken or drugs given to help body to utilize insulin

Front 66

Human growth hormone

Back 66

Can decrease fat and increase muscle mass

But

Will not improve strength

Front 67

Growth hormone

Back 67

Enlarges cells

Increases the rate of fat metabolism and protein synthesis

Enhances the movement of amino acids into cells

Front 68

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Back 68

Primarily affects the reproductive organs

Front 69

Prolactin

Back 69

Release of hormone from the hypothalamus

Inhibits by dopemine

Front 70

Diabetes insipidus

Back 70

Caused by ADH deficiency

Front 71

Oxytocin

Back 71

Given following childbirth to stimulate uterine contractions

Squeeze broken blood vessels closed

Minimizing hemorrhage

Front 72

Growth hormone signals

Back 72

Release of IGF-1

Front 73

Graves disease

Back 73

Goiter

Autoimmune disorder

Bulging eyes

Aka hyperthyroidism

Front 74

Cretinism

Back 74

Caused by hypothyroidism

Front 75

Hypoparathyroidism

Back 75

Drop in blood calcium concentration

Increase in muscle cramps

Front 76

PTH

Back 76

Controlled by Blood calcium

Front 77

Calcitonin

Back 77

Stimulates calcium deposition in bone

Front 78

Adrenal medulla secrets

Back 78

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

Front 79

Aldosterone

Back 79

Promotes homeostasis by conversing sodium and excreting potassium

Front 80

Cortisol

Back 80

Stimulates the production of glucose from non carbohydrates

Front 81

Pancreas

Back 81

Has endocrine and exocrine functions

Front 82

Melatonin

Back 82

Secreted by pineal gland

Front 83

Patient born without thymus gland

Back 83

No WCW to protect against infection