Final Bio Test

Front 1

evolution

Back 1

change of species overtime

Front 2

catasptrophism

Back 2

break down molecules and tend to be exergonic

Front 3

biogeography

Back 3

darwin, study of the geographic distribution of life forms on earth.

Front 4

natural selection

Back 4

brings about adaptation to the environment adaptive characterisics that enable an organism to survive and reproduce. functional, physical, behavioral.

Front 5

fitness

Back 5

ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its immediate enviroment

Front 6

adaptation

Back 6

trait that helps an organism to be more suited to it's environment
ex flippers

Front 7

comparative anantomy

Back 7

shows homologous similarities between organisms.

Front 8

microevolution

Back 8

accumulation of small changes in a gene pool over a short period

Front 9

genetic drift

Back 9

change in allele frequency of a gene pool due to change (smaller populations)

Front 10

Hardy Weinberg law

Back 10

equilibrum of allele frequencies in the gene pool remain constant in a sexually reproducing population if:

Front 11

Hardy Weinber law is possible if?

Back 11

- no net mutations
- no gene flow
-no genectic drift
-no selections

Front 12

assortative mating

Back 12

when individuals tend to mate with others of the same phenotype

Front 13

founder effect

Back 13

where rare alleles occur in higher frequency

Front 14

bottleneck effect

Back 14

when a pop. is subject to near extinction and rebounds. genectic similarity

Front 15

stabilizing selection

Back 15

when the intermediate is favored over extreme phenotypes
ex birthweight

Front 16

disruptive selection

Back 16

when 2 extreme phenotypes are favored

Front 17

directional selection

Back 17

when one exteme is favored over other extreme

Front 18

isolating mechanisms

Back 18

any structural, functional, or behavioral characteristic that prevents successfull reproduction.

Front 19

habital isolation

Back 19

two species occupy different habitats,
ex rain forrest.

Front 20

temporal isolation

Back 20

two species in the same location, reproduce at diff. times.

Front 21

allopatric speciation

Back 21

geographic isolation of pop. from each other
ex island chains

Front 22

sympatric speciation

Back 22

reproductive isolation in areas when there is not geographic isolation

Front 23

what biologists believe
a,b

Back 23

a- abiotic synthesis produced small organic molecules in atmosphere/vents
b- more complex compounds formed along a shore or at a vent

Front 24

what biologists believe
c,d

Back 24

c- protocell with a plasma membrane is produced
d- once a protocell contained dna it becomes a true cell

Front 25

prokaryotic cells date back

Back 25

3.5 billion

Front 26

eukaratoic date back

Back 26

2.2 billion

Front 27

multicellular organisms date back

Back 27

1.4 billion

Front 28

behavior

Back 28

any action that can be observed and described, anatomy and physiology determine what types of behavior are possible.

Front 29

learning

Back 29

durable change in behavior brought about by experience

Front 30

dominance hierarchy

Back 30

ranking within a group where higher ranking aquire more

Front 31

territoriality

Back 31

marking and defending an area for feeding, mating, broodrearing.

Front 32

social group living advantages

Back 32

-protection
-more choices in mates
-babysitting
-finding food

Front 33

social group living disadvantages

Back 33

-crowding
-fighting
-illness/ parasites
- more compition for food

Front 34

habitat

Back 34

where an organism lives

Front 35

population

Back 35

all organisms of the same species in an area

Front 36

community

Back 36

all populations within an area

Front 37

ecosystem

Back 37

a community of a pop. and the abiotic environment

Front 38

biotic potential

Back 38

maximun rate of natural increase under ideal conditions

Front 39

biotic potential depends on:

Back 39

- usual # of offspring is one
-chances of survical until age of reproduction
-how often individual reproduces
-age at which reproduction starts

Front 40

survivorship curve type 1

Back 40

most die of old age

mammals, annual plants

Front 41

survivorship curve type 2

Back 41

die at constant rate

birds, rodents

Front 42

survivorship curve type 3

Back 42

die early

fish, bugs

Front 43

competition

Back 43

when members of the same species try to us limited resources

Front 44

predation

Back 44

when one organism(predator) feeds on another (prey)

Front 45

opportunistic specices

Back 45

-small
-short life span
-fast maturing
-numerous offspring
-no/little care for offspring
-early repro age

Front 46

equilibrium species

Back 46

-large
-long life span
-slow maturing
-few offsping
-lots of care for offspring
-stable environment

Front 47

diversity

Back 47

both species richness (# of species) and species evenness

Front 48

community structure

Back 48

compation can occur between diff. species, or within a species

Front 49

niche

Back 49

role of species plays in a community

Front 50

habitat

Back 50

where an organism lives

Front 51

competive exclusion princple

Back 51

no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time.

Front 52

generalist

Back 52

have a broad range of niches

deer, coyotes

Front 53

specialist

Back 53

have a narrow range of niches

panda's, spott owls

Front 54

succession

Back 54

a change involving a series of species replacements in a community following a disturbance.

Front 55

intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Back 55

moderate amount of disturbance at moderate frequencies are required for a high degree of a community deversity.

Front 56

autotrophs

Back 56

producers (make own food)

plants

Front 57

heterotrophs

Back 57

consumers