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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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n=
2n= |
n= Haploid
2n=Diploid |
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what allows plants to have photosynthesis?
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chlorophyll
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embryonic leaves, 1st leaves to appear provide photosynthesis until true leaves appear
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Cotyledons
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parallel veins;complex pattern .
what is this? |
Monocots
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what does complex pattern mean? & whats an ex/
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scattered vascular bundles
monocots |
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what type of root system do monocots & dicots have?
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mono= fibrous root system
dicots=tap root system |
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leaves with net vein patterns & have stems with vascular bundles arranged in a ring
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dicots
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Palmate & pinnate leaves are:
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Dicots
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what does a plant body consist of?
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roots & shoots
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what do roots do?
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anchors plant in soil;;;absorb water,minerals & stores food
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which system is this?
Spread below soil & make wide area of water & mineral gathering |
Fibrous root system=Monocots
(grass, corn( |
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which system is this?
has secondary roots branching out of a single taproot what are covered with hairs that absorb water |
tap root system=dicot
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what are shoots?
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steams, leaves & reproductive structures (flower)
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which part is above ground & contains nodes & internodes?
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stem
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what are nodes & internodes?
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nodes= pl,ace where leaves attach
internode=place between the nodes |
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what is the main site of the plant photosynthesis occurs?
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leaves
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what structure is this::
flattened blade & petiole that attaches to leaf & stem |
leaves
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what are Rhizomes?
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modified stems that run along surface of soil (above or below)
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what is the function of buds in Rhizomes?
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allow plant to spread out & form new plants
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what is the name of the food storage structure found on Rhizomes?
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Tubers
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Tendrils & cactus have what type of leaves?
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MODIFIED spine leaves
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what type of plant cell is this?
variety of functions; food storage, photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, & divide into other plant cell types |
Parenchyma plant cells AKA Mesophyll (in leaf tssue)
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what type of plant cell is this?
provide support in leaf parts that are still growing |
Collencyma plant cells
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what type of plant cell is this?
hen mature provide rigid support for plant & has 2 types |
Sclerenhyma
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what are the2 types of sclerencyma & what do they produce?
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1.sclerencyma fibers---Make ropes & cloth substitute
2.sclerids ----Nutshells & seed coats |
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what 2 things are inside vascular cells?
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1.Xylem
2. Phloem |
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what is the function of the xylem & Phloem?
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Xylem=brings water up plant from roots to leaves & makes xylem sap.
Phloem=food conducting cells called Sieve tube members. |
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xylem cells die at maturity. How does fluid move?
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fluid moves via transportation --because cohesion & adhesion properties of water
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what structure of the plant is this:::
skin of plant covers leaves, stem, shoots. Secretes waxy cuticle |
Epidermis
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what structure of the plant is this::::
Conduct water, minerals & food up & down the plant |
Vascular tissue system --
it contains the xylem & phloem |
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what plant tissue is this this::::
Forms cortex, mainly in storage cells, & is called mesophyll in leaves |
Ground tissue system
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what plant tissue is this this::::::
group of undifferentiated cells that undergo cell division that make new cells & tissues |
Meristematic Tissues
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what plant tissue is this this::::
Resposible fore secondary growth in dicots |
Vascular cambiums
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meristems at the tip of roots & shoots are called? & what is the function?
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Apical (A PICKLE) meristems-----Responsible for primary growth
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cork cambiums produce ______
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bark in woody plants
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what is the life span of Haploid (n) & diploid (2n) called?
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Generations alternate
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what does alternation of generation allow?
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2 chances to produce a large number of offspring
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what type are spores?
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Haploid
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what is the Alternation of Generations for haploids & diploids?
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spore (n) -->mitosis-> gametophytes(n)-> mitosis-> gametes(n) -> fertilization-> zygote (2n) ->sporophyte(2n)--> meiosis --> back to spores (n)
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what is the name of the diploid plant body?
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sprorophyte
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sporophytes produce special cells that undergo, what type of cell cycle? to become haploids
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meiosis
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after sporophytes undergo cell division what do they become?
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haploids (n)
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haploid cells divide thru mitosis to become multicellular ________
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gametophyte (((( this produces gametes thru mitosis))))
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what produces gametes thru mitosis?
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gametophytes produces the gametes in mitosis when alternating generation
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which flower structure is this?
enclose & protects the flower bud |
Sepals
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which flower structure is this?
attract insects & pollinators |
Petals
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which flower structure is this?
man parts (anther & filament) Develop Pollen |
Stamen
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which flower structure is this?
contains female parts of flower:: sigma, style & ovary. |
Carpel or Pistol
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what part of plant does this happen?
cells undergo meiosis to form 4 haploid spores;; each spore produces 2 nuclei in pollen grain. |
Anther
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what are the names of the 2 nuclei produced in anther?
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1= tube nucleus-digs long tube down stylist
2= generative nucleus- follows tube nuclei then divides into 2 sperm cells |
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where does the generative nucleus divide thru mitosis & become 2 nuclei
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pollen tube in Anther
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When egg & 2 polar nuclei are fertilized by 2 sperm cells, what is this called?
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double fertilization
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'where does this take place
megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to get 4 haploid cells. 3 of them degenerate |
in the carpel
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the female gametophyte
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multicellular embryo sac
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what is the name of the 2 nuclei in the center of female gametophyte that get fertilized by generative nuclei? AND what do they become
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polar nuclei------become triploid nucleus---endosperm 3n
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what nourishes the embryo that develop into the zygote?
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endosperm
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At maturity, what does a seed contain?
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Cotyledons
Epicotyl Hypococotyl Radicle |
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A fruit is technically a?
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thickened ovary
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what do cotyledons form?
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forms first leaves
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what do epicotyl form?
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forms shoot meristem (that will become the first true leaves)
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what forms shoot system below cotyledons?
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hypocotyl
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what does the radicle form?
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root system& root meristem
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polar nuclei + spem=endosperm (fruit)(3n)
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polar nuclei + spem=endosperm (fruit)(3n)
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a seed is a ______
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fertilized ovule
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the structure of an organism is?
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Anatomy
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the functions an organism can perform is called?
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physiology
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_____ reflects _____. .
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function reflects structure. what a structure can do depends on its form
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several tissues come together & perform common function
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organ
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4 types of tissue
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1. Epithelial
2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous |
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what is the function of the digestive system?
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ingest/digest nutrients, minerals & water AND eliminate waste
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what is the function of the Respiration System?
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exchange gas/ waste products between body & environment. AND between blood and cells
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what is the function f the Circulatory System?
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supply oxygen & nutrients to all cells in body
takes waste products from cells & functions in immune system |
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what is the function of the lymphatic system?
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immunity & supplements the circulatory system
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what is the function of the excretory system?
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eliminate waste products from body & regulates water balance in body
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what is the function of the endocrine system?
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regulate hormone producing organs
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what is the function of the reproductive system?
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make gametes for continuation of species (not help organism live)
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what is the function of the nervous system
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communication & coordination system of the body
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what is the function of the muscular system?
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works with skeletal system to provide movement
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what is the function of the skeletal system?
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Protection, organ framework & works with muscular system to produce movement
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which system works together?
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skeletal-----Muscle
Lymphatic & circulatory |
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what system is skin apart of?
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integumentary system
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what does the skin consist of?
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epidermis & dermis (subcutaneous layer)
(NOT hypodermis) |
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what makes up the subcutaneous layer?
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epidermis & dermis
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what does the hypodermis do? & what is it made up of?
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holds skin on;
Made up of adipose & areolar tissue |
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major blood vessels (lymphatics) & nerves are found in what layer of skin?
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hypodermis
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what are merkels cells & what are the merkel discs they form?
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connected with sensory nerve ends
merkel discs are touch receptors |
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____ cells aka epidermal dendrritic cells
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Langerhans
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what are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
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1.stratum bassale- basal (deepest) layer
2. stratum spinosum- prickly, langerhan cells all present 3.Stratum Granulosum-3-5 cell thick, make waterproof 4.stratum lucidum- clear layer-cells dead 5. Stratum Corneum---outermost layer, karatin & thick plasma |
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Stratum:
Bassale, Sprinosom,Granulosum, Lucidum,Corneum= 5 epidermis layers |
Stratum:
Bassale, Sprinosom,Granulosum, Lucidum,Corneum= 5 epidermis layers |
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what layer of epidermis are cells dead & sloughed off?
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Stratum Corneum
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which layer of skin has strong flexible connective tissue, WBC, blood vessels & binds entire body together?
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Dermis
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what are the 2 levels in the Dermis?
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1=papillary layer
2=reticular layer |
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what are free nerve endings?
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pain receptors
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what are Meissner's corpuscle?
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touch receptors
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what is inside the Papillary layer?
(inside dermis) |
meissner's corpuscles (touch recep) & pain receptors
ridges form finger prints |
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what is in the reticular layer?
(inside dermis) |
dense irregular connective tissue
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Melanin, carotene, & hemoglobin,
All determine what? |
persons skin color
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what causes illness & diseases to change a persons skin color?
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causes by filling & swelling the capillaries in the derrnis
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hair, hair follicles, sweat gland, nails, sebaceous glads are all?
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Appendages of the skin
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Apocrine & eccrine are examples of?
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sweat glands
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what is the function of the integumentary system?
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protection, (chemical, biological, phys, synthesis of vitamin D, reservoir for blood)
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loss of fluid by rule of 9
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burns
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1st degree, 2, 3 degree burns
Name what happens in each |
1=redness, swelling-only epidermis damaged
2=epidermis &dermis damaged--blisters 3=entire thickness of skin-gray/white-skin grafting necessary |
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burns are critical if:
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over 25% is burned w/ 2nd degree
over 10% has 3rd 3rd burns on hand, feet, face |
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what is the leading cause of death in burn victims?
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infection----deficient immune system
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Skin Cancers-::::
least malignant/most common |
Basal cell carcinoma
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Skin Cancer::::
cause scaly papule |
Squamous cell carcinoma
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Skin Cancer:::::
most dangerous |
Malignant Melanoma
(Malignant=cancer) |
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ABCD rule for recognizing melanomas
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A= asymmetry-same on both sides
B=Border irreg C=Color-brown,blk,blue D=diameter--shape less than pencil |
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Occurs when cell, tissue adjust automatically to environment
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Autoregulation AKA intrinsic
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results from activities of the nervous system or endocrine system
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extrinsic
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3 Parts to Homeostasis Regulator
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1 receptor
2 control center 3 effector |
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Where the product controls the reaction
outside triggers automatic response that corrects situation |
Negative feedback
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stimulus produces response that exaggerates/enhances original conditions rather than opposing it
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Positive feedback
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