Filtration

Front 1

Glomerular filtration: 180 liters per day of plasma are filtered through the glomerular capillaries into the renal tubules. This represents filtration of the entire plasma volume almost 60 times each day or once every 24 mins.

Back 1

Reabsorption: Over 99% of the filtered fluid is reabsorbed by the renal tubule and returned to the circulation via the peritubular capillaries.
Secretion: Some substances are transported from the peritubular capillaries and/or renal tubular cells into the renal tubule.like H+/penicillin

Front 2

1. Urine = ??
2. 2 components of the glomerulus
3. 2 layers of the ____ capsule?
4. What is the space between the layers ka?

Back 2

1. Excretion - reabsorbed + secreted
2. Bowman's capsule + glomerular capillaries
3. Parietal and visceral
4. Bowman's space

Front 3

1. fluid filtrated into bowman's space drains to?
2. What is the fxn of mesangial cells in the glomerul.
3. What are 2 factors that impede filtration of protein

Back 3

1. the proximal tubule
2. Phagocytose stuff and give support, contractile in response to ATII, vasopressin so less filtration
3. Size and (-) charge of the membrane is repelling

Front 4

1. 3 layers of the filtration membrane in kidney
2. size of molecule that will not be filtered?
3. What are the main size barriers to filtration?

Back 4

1. Capillary endothelial cells, basement membrane (basal lamina), cell lining Bowman's capsule ka podocytes w/ pedicels
2. 70,000 so all proteins should not filter
3. basement membrane and the pithelial layer

Front 5

1. What happens if a neprotoxic substance messes up the charge of the filtration membrane?
2. what is the GFR?
3. what % of renal plasma flow does GFR represent?
Use renal plasma flow not renal blood flow b/c the filtrate essentially has no protein

Back 5

1. More proteins will escape
2. 125 ml/min
3. 20% - other 80% continues in the efferent arteriole

Front 6

1. of the 20% filtered how much is reabsorbed
2. What factors determine GFR?
3. is filtration higher in kidney capillaries or other capillaries in teh body?

Back 6

1. 19%
2. Hydrostatic pressure and the oncotic pressure of the glomerular capillary, H pressure of Bowmans space (BS)
3. 60x higher in the kidney

Front 7

1. Why does the GC oncotic pressure ^ from afferent to efferent end?
2. Which side of the capillary is filtration highest?
3. Does any part of kidney cap reabsorb?

Back 7

1. B/c the capillary is losing fluid and becoming more concentrated in protein
2. Afferent end
3. nope

Front 8

1. if RBF ^ what does GFR do?
2. What happens to GFR is Bowmans capsule hydrostatic pressure increases?

**Study Images ***

Back 8

1. ^ b/c hydrostatic pressure increases
2. GFR increases (could be due to ureteral or tubular obstruction)

Front 9

1. cases in which plasma oncotic pressure ^?
2. cases of decrease
3. Cause of drop in SA of glomerular membrane?
4. Removal of one kidney does not cause a permanent decrease in GFR of the expected magnitude despite loss of 1/2 of nephrons y?

Back 9

1. dehydration
2. malnutrition, cirrhosis, renal disease
3. aging, contraction of mesangial cells by ATII, vasopressin
4. remaining kidney grow larger and increase individual GFR so total is higher than initial 50%

Front 10

1. Portion of kidney w/ ^ bloodflow?
2. Range of pressure that BF in kidney is cnst?
3. 2 intrinsic mechanisms of kidney BF regulation?
intrinsic - not dependent on nerves or hormones

Back 10

1. Cortex > outer medulla > inner medulla
2. 80-180 mmHg
3. Myogenic (stretch) & Tubuloglomerular feedback (Macula densa) theory

Front 11

1. What is the main goal of fluid regulation in kidney?
2. How does urine output change as Pressure ^?
3. Where is the sensor in the tubuloglomerular feedback theory?

Back 11

1. constant GFR is most imp
2. urine increases
3. in the macula densa (senses increase in sodium in the tubule), causes release of adenosine in the juxtoglomerular cells of the afferent arterioles causing vasoconstriction

Front 12

1. Where are the juxtoglomerular cells located?
2. When might extrinsic factors play a big role in kidney regulation?
Vasoconstrictors - sympathetics, ATII, endothelin, vasopressin

Back 12

1. in the afferent arteriole
2. if there is a lot of hemorrhage - blood filtration needs to just stop, override the intrinsic
Vasodilators - Prostaglandins, Dopamine, bradykinin, nitric oxide