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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Activated carbon definition |
Adsorption particles or granules of carbon usually obtained by heating carbon (such as wood). These particles or granules have high capacity to remove certain trace and soluble materials from wateradsorption |
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Adsorption definition |
The gathering of gas, liquid or dissolved substances on the surface or interface zone of another material |
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Backwashing definition |
The process of reversing flow through a filter to remove entrapped solids |
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Breakthrough definition |
A crack or break in a filter bed allowing passage of floc or particulates matter through the filter |
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Conventional filtration definition |
Coagulant chemicals, flash mixing, coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration |
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Diatomaceous earth definition |
A fine siliceous ( made is silica) “earth” composed mainly of skeletal remains of diatoms |
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Direct filtration definition |
Conventional filtration without sedimentation |
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Garnet definition |
A group of hard, reddish, glassy mineral sand made up of silicates of base metals (calcium,magnesium, iron and manganese). Garnet has higher density than sand |
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Head loss in a filter definition |
Head loss is due to flow restriction because of material building up on the surface of the filter |
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Particle counter definition |
A device which counts and measures the size of individual particles in water- crypto |
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Schmutzdecke definition |
The top layer of trapped matter on a slow sand filter in which a dense popular of microorganisms develops. The microorganisms help break down organic matter trapped in the mat. |
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Factors affecting filtration |
Chemical characteristic of water Nature of suspension Types and degree of pretreatment(coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation) Filter type and operation |
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Filter removal mechanisms |
Sedimentation on media Adsorption Biological action Straining = filtration |
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Gravity filter filtration rate |
2-10 gpm/ft2. Normal max due to regulations is 6 gpm/ft2 |
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Slow sand is caused by |
Schmutzdecke |
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Filter removes turbidity by |
Straining/ filtering Adsorption Biological predation |
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Mud balls on filter are created by |
Low backwash rate |
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Remove mud balls by |
Ensure proper operation of air scouts and surface wash systems |
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What type of filters is diatomaceous earth used in |
Pressure filter Vacuum filter |
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Effective filter media size allows what % passthrough |
10 |
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Uniformity coefficient is |
The ratio of particle diameters (based on sieve size) comprising of 60% and 10% of media by weight. The more uniform the media the slower the head loss buildup |
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Giardia removal is ___ log |
3 |
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Viruses removal is ____ log |
4 |
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Particle counters can determine particle ________ and _________ number |
Size Number |
