Fetal Heart And Thorax Pt . 2

Front 1

Fetal lung tissue doesn't exist until after how many weeks ?

Back 1

25 weeks

Front 2

What ratio do you use to asses fetal lung maturity

Back 2

Lecithin to sphingomylein (l/s ratio)

Front 3

How do you determine Lecithin to sphingomylein (l/s ratio)

Back 3

Amniocentesis , lab findings indicate the levels of

Lecithin to sphingomylein within the amniotic fluid

Front 4

Normally as the lung mature the level of what decreases and the level of what increases the single mok

Back 4

Lecithin increases and sphingomylein deceases

Front 5

The single most important determinant for fetal viability

Back 5

The adequacy of pulmonary development

Front 6

Pulmonary immaturity is the major reason why fetuses younger than 24 weeks gestation usually are considered

Back 6

Nonviable

Front 7

Upper margin /lateral margin and lower margin of the thoracic cavity ? Normal appearance of thoracic cavity ?

Back 7

Clavicles / ribs / diaphragm and normal shape is symmetrically bell shape

Front 8

Lungs in early gestation are going to be hypo or hyper compared liver and lungs in later gestation are going to be hypo or hyper compared to lungs

Back 8

Early -hypo

Later -hyper

Front 9

A hypoechoic muscular margin between the fetal liver or spleen and the lungs

Back 9

Diaphragm

Front 10

Is the thorax smaller than the abdominal cavity

Back 10

Yes

Front 11

If oligohydraminos is presence in the thoracic cavity what happens

Back 11

Reduction of the overall thoracic size

Front 12

Chest circumference measurements are made in what plane at and what level of the heart

Back 12

Transverse plane and at the level of the four chamber view of the heart

Front 13

Under development of the lungs, is caused by decreased number of lung cells, airways and alveolis is

Back 13

Hypoplastic long/pulmonary hypoplasia

Front 14

The most common lesion occupies a chess resulting in pulmonary hypoplasia is what

Back 14

Diaphragmatic hernia

Front 15

Prognosis for infants with pulmonary hypoplasia

Back 15

80% die after birth has poor prognosis

Front 16

Since amniotic fluid plays in important role in the development of the fetal lungs what results in an increase for pulmonary hypoplasia

Back 16

Surrounded by little or no amniotic fluid results from findings with oligohydraminos

Front 17

What two other abnormalities are associated with hypoplastic long/pulmonary hypoplasia

Back 17

Bilateral renal a genesis and the abnormal facial features in the condition known as potter syndrome

Front 18

Possible causes may be classified as the following for pulmonary hypoplasia regarding Intrathoracic masses

Back 18

1. Intrathoracic masses

-Pleural effusion

-Mediastinal teratoma

-Pulmonary cyst

Front 19

Possible causes may be classified as the following for pulmonary hypoplasia (3)

Back 19

A domino mass fact, oligohydramnios, skeletal dysplasia

Front 20

Ultrasound appearance for pulmonary hypoplasia

Back 20

Small thoracic circumference at the level of four chamber heart view/may be associated with thanatophoric dwarfism

Front 21

Most common lung cyst detected prenatally

Back 21

Bronchogenic cyst

Front 22

Appearance of Bronchogenic cyst

Back 22

Appears as a cyst in the lung

Front 23

When the cyst have been detected for the Bronchogenic cyst appear as what in the fetal chest

Back 23

You need unilocular and multiloculated

Front 24

Accumulation of fluid in the plural cavity

Back 24

Pleural effusion

Front 25

Most common fetal the thoracic abnormality is what

Back 25

Pleural effusion/hydrothorax

Front 26

Hydrops , heart failure, chromosomal abnormality's, infection, severe diabetes or all commonly seen with

Back 26

Hydrothorax/ plural effusion

Front 27

Apesrences of pleural effusion when it has a bilateral appearance

Back 27

Bat wing effect

Front 28

Treatment for pleural effusion

Back 28

Ultrasound guided thoracentesis

Front 29

Appearance of pleural effusion on Us

Back 29

Anechoic areas and one or both sides of the chest

Front 30

In severe cases of pleural effusion what happens to the lungs and heart

Back 30

Lungs compress and displacement of the heart

Front 31

Other names for pulmonary sequestration

Back 31

Brachial pulmonary sequestration/accessory long

Front 32

A benign mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue is

Back 32

Pulmonary sequestration

Front 33

Pulmonary sequestration is divided in what two ways

Back 33

Extrapulmonary/intrapulmonary

Front 34

Other names for Extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary

Back 34

Extra lobar sequestration and interlobar sequestration

Front 35

Out of Extrapulmonary/intrapulmonary which one has lesions that have no connection with the airway and receives its blood supply from the systematic circulation usually off the abdominal or thoracic aorta and appear next to the lung

Back 35

Extrapulmonary

Front 36

Out of Extrapulmonary/intrapulmonary which one appears with in one part of the lung which is surrounded by normal lung tissue and the prognosis is favorable

Back 36

Intrapulmonary

Front 37

Most common type of BPS is what and the removal of BPS is performed when

Back 37

Intrapulmonary am removal is performed after birth

Front 38

Appearance of pulmonary sequestration, it's more common on side and what type of fluid is associated with it

Back 38

Homogeneous echogenic appearing solid mass/ common on the lower left side of the lung and polyhydramnios is associated with it

Front 39

Recently termed congenital pulmonary adenomatoid malformation that is extremely rare

Back 39

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation

Front 40

The Uni lateral and may resolve spontaneously all the large masses can lead to fetal hydrops in Carry a poor prognosis is

Back 40

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)

Front 41

with Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation The lung is replaced by what

Back 41

A non-working cystic area

Front 42

What is the cause and who is it more common in for Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation

Back 42

Causes unknown and slightly more common in males than females

Front 43

Three types of Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation

Back 43

-Macrocystic

-smaller to medium cyst

-Microcystic

Front 44

Is Macrocystic type one single/multiple and what is the size

Back 44

Both and the size is >2-10cm

Front 45

Most common type of Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation

Back 45

Type one Macrocystic

Front 46

Size for type two (smaller -medium sized cyst ) are they uniform or irregular

Back 46

.5-2cm in diameter and the are uniform in size

Front 47

Size for type three (microcystic) /how to they appear as

Back 47

.3-.5mm / they appear as multiple very small cyst

Front 48

Most severe form of Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation

Back 48

Type three (microcystic )

Front 49

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation is associated with

Back 49

Fetal hydrops / renal malformation / GI malformation / cardiac malformation

Front 50

Type one and two for Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation appear as

Back 50

Cystic and polyhydramnios

Front 51

Type three for Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation appear as

Back 51

Echogenic and polyhydramnios

Front 52

In normal fetus the diaphragm should appear as a

Back 52

Curvilinear structure

Front 53

The normal fetal stomach and liver should be identified caudal to

Back 53

The diaphragm , with the lungs and heart positioned cephalad

Front 54

Protusion of abdominal contents into thorax through a defect in the diaphragm is

Back 54

Congenital diaphragm hernia

Front 55

Cause of Congenital diaphragm hernia

Back 55

Opening in the diaphragm

Front 56

Common on what side and common in whom(Congenital diaphragm hernia )

Back 56

Left side and common in males

Front 57

Most common reason for fetal cardiac malposition

Back 57

The existence of Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Front 58

Incidence of Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Back 58

1 in every 2,000-4,000 live births

Front 59

Mortality of Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Back 59

50-80% due to pulmonary hypoplasia

Front 60

Two types of Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Back 60

Bochdalek hernia / morgagni hernia

Front 61

Posterolateral/ common on the left side it's the most common hernia and in most cases the stomach, bowel and the left lobe of the liver are found within the chest

Back 61

Bochdalek hernia

Front 62

Anterolateral/ located on the right side and maybe difficult to diagnose given similar echogenicity of the lungs and fetal liver

Back 62

Morgagni hernia

Front 63

How is the prognosis and when is it detected Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Back 63

Poor prognosis and is detected at birth

Front 64

Primary cause of death for Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is

Back 64

Pulmonary hypoplasia

Front 65

If the presence of the stomach is found in the chest, especially if it is dilated, left heart is under developed and is congenital heart disease is present what may be a disease for this

Back 65

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Front 66

Identifying the liver in the abdomen is a good prognosis for

Back 66

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Front 67

Hernias are usually found on which side of the diaphragm and what enters the chest through the opening

Back 67

Usually found on the left side and the left side and organs(stomach, spleen and portions of liver ) enter through the chest

Front 68

Small AC/bell in chest/pulmonary hypoplasia/hypoechoic diaphragmatic line is broken/ Polyhydromnios is associated with

Back 68

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Front 69

One differential diagnosis of Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is

Back 69

Eventration of the diaphragm , which is a lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

Front 70

Eventration of the diaphragm is a disorder of the

Back 70

Diaphragmatic muscle is replaced by fibroelastic tissue

Front 71

Eventration of the diaphragm will have similar sono appearance to what making it hard to view

Back 71

Diaphragmatic hernia