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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stage of the ovum |
conception to day 14 rapid cell division |
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Stage of the embryo |
day 15-18 major organ development cardiac movement |
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Amniotic fluid |
helps maintain constant body temperature cushions fetus from trauma allows fetal lung development collects secretions |
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Placenta |
metabolic exchange - respiration, nutrition, excretion, and storage endocrine gland produces necessary hormones to maintain pregnancy like HCG, progesterone, estriol acts as the lungs diffusing oxygenated blood to the fetus then back to the maternal blood |
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Umbilical Cord |
two arteries, one vein supply nutrients and oxygen |
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Fetus |
at 9 weeks it's a fetus circulatory system forms |
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Ductus venosus |
blocks circulation of blood to the lungs because the fetus isn't using them |
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Gravida |
woman who is pregnant |
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Parity |
number of pregnancies |
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Primigravida |
first time being pregnant |
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Primipara |
woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus who reached to 20 weeks gestation |
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multipara |
woman who has completed two or more pregnancies to 20 weeks gestation |
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Viability |
25 weeks |
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GTPAL |
gravidy term birth preterm births abortions or miscarriages living children |
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Fetus First Month |
foundations to form skin, spinal cord, brain, heart, lungs, GU, GI, bones, and circulatory system |
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Maternal First Month |
tender breast fatigue missing period morning sickness no weight gain placenta development |
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Fetus Second Month 5-8 weeks |
heart pumps blood facial features ossifying bones arm and leg buds sex differentiation initiated weight 2-4 gm |
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Maternal Events 5-8weeks Second month |
no weight gain placenta exchange urinary frequency - due to the hormones |
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Fetal 9-12 weeks |
officially a fetus organs function sex determined first movement weight 45 gm |
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Maternal 9-12 weeks |
blood volume increases about 40% 2-3lb weight gain |
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Significance of blood volume increase? |
volume may increase so blood becomes thinner carrying less RBCs in concentration may become anemic |
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Fetal 13-16 weeks |
blood vessels form musculoskeletal and nervous system mature kicking |
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Maternal 13-16 weeks |
increased vaginal secretions beginning to show emotional tension |
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Fetal 17-20 weeks |
lanugo appears quickening - fetal movement heart sounds auscultated |
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Maternal 17-20 months |
mom at risk for hypotensive episodes faint, dizziness, shortness of breath RT adjustment of blood circulation and decreased flow to the brain varicose veins |
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Rationale for varicosities? |
more blood = back flow back flow = pooling peripheral pooling in veins and edema, hemorrhoids, labia can have varicosities risk for DVT |
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Fetal 21-24 weeks |
vernix cases - natural ointment covering fetus fingernails opening eyes |
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Maternal 21-24 weeks |
mom may "all of a sudden" chloasma - raccoon eyes from hormones darkened nipples |
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Fetal 25-28 weeks |
surfactant produced in lungs keeps the alveoli expanded |
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Maternal 25-28 weeks |
leg and muscle cramps heartburn |
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Fetal 29-32 weeks |
lungs almost mature mature GI getting more fat |
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Maternal 29-32 weeks |
swollen ankles constipation - uterus squishing the bowels |
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Fetal 33-36 weeks |
vanished lanugo except on shoulders - may depend on ethnicity of baby increased movement |
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Maternal 33-36 weeks |
backache - center of gravity is off urinary frequency - from uterus pressure on bladder Braxton hick's contractions - normal contractions of the uterus that indicating the uterus "preparing" or "warming up" have mom drink water, empty the bladder, lay down on her left side |
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Fetal 37-40 weeks |
smooth skin iron and calcium levels stored - for bone growth and RBC formation (putting mom at risk for depletion) maternal antibodies transfered decreasing vernix cases - fetus' skin begins to absorb it |
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Blood changes |
amenorrhea may have spotting decreased hemoglobin <11 decreased hematocrit <33 increased RBC volume and count increased plasma volume increase WBCs |
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Cardiovascular changes |
increase in blood volume increase in cardiac output heart is displaced up and to the left RT fetus 20 weeks, heart rate increased 10-20 large uterus may obstruct iliac and inferior vena cava = increased venous pressure = edema and varicosities hypotensive syndrome physiologic anemia |
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Respiratory changes |
oxygen demands increase higher estrogen increases vascularization of tissues causing nasal congestion, epistaxis, respiratory infection, changes in voice diaphragm may be displaced |
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Renal changes |
dilations of pelvis and uterus larger volume of urine and a slower flow rate leaves mom more susceptible to UTI (stagnant urine is a good growth medium for bacteria) high specific gravity of urine - more nutrients in the urine |
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Integumentary changes |
stretch marks chloasma linea nigra angiomas palmar erythema pruritus
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Musculoskeletal changes |
change in center of gravity my cause lordosis Diastasis recti abdomen - separating of the abdominal muscles during pregnancy |
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Neurologic changes |
compression of pelvic nerves = sensory changes to legs carpal tunnel syndrome related to edema compression peripheral nerves = paresthesia and pain in hand radiating to elbow |
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GI |
nausea changes in sense of taste and cravings bleeding gums pyrosis (heartburn) progesterone causes decreased tone and motility of smooth muscles, decrease peristalsis and slower emptying time = regurgitation and reflux |
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Nagele's rule |
estimating due date subtract 3 months then add one year and 7 day |
