Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
in the 1st 2 weeks of fetal life, cartilage prototypes provide ______&_______
|
postion and support
|
|
|
carilaginous bones show 1st signs of ___________ at 8 weeks.
|
ossification
|
|
|
at birth what kind of sutures exist where the bones of the skull meet?
|
connective tissue
|
|
|
what is one of the few known substances that does not cross the placenta from mother to fetus?
|
insulin - the baby has to produce it from its own pancreas
|
|
|
what else does not readily cross the placenta?
|
maternal thyroxin
|
|
|
When screening for PKU at birth the infant is typically screened for ...
|
hypothyroidism
|
|
|
in infants of mothers with uncontrolled diabetes, maternal hypoglycemia produces fetal________
|
hyperglycemia, stimulating hyperinsulinemia and islet-cell hyperplasia.
|
|
|
what problems does hyperinsulinemia cause?
|
hypoglycemia after birth
blocks lung maturity leading to risk of respiratory distress. causes macrosomia or large baby. |
|
|
when is the sex of the child determined?
|
the moment of conception
|
|
|
distinguishing characterisics appear about the ____ week.
|
9th
|
|
|
sex characteristics are fully differentiated by the ___ week.
|
12th
|
|
|
When a ___ chromosome is present in the sperm, testes are formed and the child is a male.
|
Y
|
|
|
What hormone causes formation of the male genitalia?
|
testosterone
|
|
|
what happens if the mother ingests androgen or androgen-like substance during this stage of pregnancy?
|
the child, although chromosomally female, may look more male than female at birth because of clitoral growth.
|
|
|
how much of the female's supply of ova is present at birth in the ovaries?
|
lifetime supply
|
|
|
when does most female hormone production occur?
|
puberty
|
|
|
how does the fetus respond to maternal hormones?
|
withdrawal bleeding or vaginal discharge
|
|
|
What is the white, cheesy substance that protects the skin of the fetus called?
|
vernix caseosa
|
|
|
It is thick at ___ weeks, but continues to decrease until term>
|
24 weeks
|
|
|
very fine hairs called ___ cover the entire body by ___ weeks.
|
lanugo; 20 weeks
|
|
|
If twins are fraternal, they are _____.
|
dizygotic
|
|
|
dizygotic means...
|
they arise from 2 separate oval fertilized by 2 separate spermatazoa.
|
|
|
with dizygotic twins there are 2 of what three things?
|
chorion, amnion, placenta
|
|
|
Monozygotic twinning is considered ______ and occurs in __ out of ___ births.
|
random: 1 - 250 births.
|
|
|
dizygotic twinning occurs in families and increases in frequency with ...
|
maternal age, parity, and use of fertility drugs.
|
|
|
are congenial anomalities more prevalent in monozygotic or dizygotic twins?
|
monozygotic.
|
|
|
what is the function of the umbilical cord in the fetus vs. the newborn?
|
blood flows from the placenta to fetus with oxygen and nutrients; not there in newborn.
|
|
|
ductus venosus in fetus vs. newborn...
|
allows blood from the vein into the inferior vena cava; no use in newborn
|
|
|
inferior vena cava in fetus vs. newborn...
|
carries oxygenated blood into the RA; in newborn it returns deoxygenated blood to heart.
|
|
|
foramen ovale in fetus vs. newborn...
|
blood passes from the RA into LA; newborn closed.
|
|
|
ductus arteriosus in fetus vs. newborn..
|
blood passes from the pulmonary artery into descending aorta (bypasses the lungs); in newborn it constricts to prevent lung bypass.
|
|
|
umbilical arteries in fetus vs. newborn
|
returns wastes from fetus to placenta; in newborn, no use.
|
|
|
The life of the fetus is generally measured from the time of ____ or _____ which is called the _____ age.
|
ovulation or fertilization; ovulation age.
|
|
|
the length of the pregnancy is generally measured from the first day of the last _____ ____ which is called _______age.
|
menstrual period; gestation age.
|
|
|
When do ovulation and fertilization take place?
|
about 2 weeks after the last menstrual period.
|
|
|
the ovulation age of the fetus is always __ weeks less than the length of the pregnancy or the _______ age.
|
2 weeks; gestation
|
