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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What processes occur before pregnancy? |
Gamete development, oogenesis/spermatogenesis, fertilisation and implantation |
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Outline sperm development. |
In the testes: -Mitosis -Meiosis 1 and 2 - Spermiogenesis -Spermiation In the epididymis: - Maturation (membrane surface changes to increase ability to bind to ZP) In the female genital tract: -Capacitation (sperm becomes hypermotile) -Acrosome reaction (penetrate ZP and fuse with egg membrane) |
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Cortical reaction |
IP3 pathway elevates intracellular calcium, exocytosis of cortical granules located near oocyte membrane. Enzymes alter ZP3 (zona pellucida protein that acts as sperm receptor) so no longer binds sperm. |
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Outline the passage of the sperm. |
1. Sertoli cells 2. Seminiferous tubules lumen 3. Rete testes 4. Efferent duct 5. Epididymis 6. Ductus deferens 7. Seminal Vesicle duct 8. Ejaculatory duct |
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What are the coverings of the testes (deep to superficial)? |
1. Tunica Albuginea 2. Tunica Vaginalis (visceral and parietal) 3. Internal scrotal fascia 4. Cremaster muscle 5. External Scrotal Fascia 6. Dartos muscle 7. Skin |
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Outline the development of female gametes |
Follicle development: Primary-> Secondary oocyte, primordial-> pre-antral->antral-> Graafian follicle |
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When does fertilisation occur? |
When the sperm penetrates the zona pellucida and fuses with the oocyte. Ends with maternal and paternal chromosomes intermingling at metaphase of the first mitotic division of the zygote. |
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What happens after penetration of an oocyte? |
1. Cortical granule reaction where the composition of the extracellular glycoprotein coat of the zona pellucida changes and becomes impermeable to other sperms. 2. Activation of the oocyte to complete meiosis 2 and forming a mature oocyte and a second polar body. 3. Plasma membrane of the sperm is left outside the cytoplasm so the tail of the sperm degenerates and the nucleus of the sperm enlarges to form male pronucleus. |
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What is the window of endometrial receptivity? |
Restricted to days 20-24 of a normal 28 day cycle. |
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Describe the stages of implantation. |
1. Apposition with embryonic pole 2. Adhesion 3. Invasion by syncytiotrophoblast |
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What is the uterine decidual reaction? |
1. Enlargement of glands 2. Differentiation of endometrial cells (basalis, capularis and parietalis) 3. Increased vascularity |
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Placenta Previa |
When there is inferior implantation of the blastocyst such that the placenta overlies os of uterus |
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Capacitation |
Alteration of the spermatozoa metabolism and surface proteins (activation of the spermatozoa after it has been released from the male genital tract). Occurs when spermatozoa mixed with secretions from the seminal vesicle, prostate gland and acidic conditions of the vagina. |
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Membrane depolarisation |
Caused my sperm membrane fusion- primary block to polyspermy |
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How long does it take for oogonia to mature? |
All primary oocytes form during the fetal period. Excess of 120 days: primordial to pre-oluvatory Primordial to pre-antral: 65 days Pre-antral to recruitable: 5 days (last menstrual cycle) Recruitable to Selection: 10 days (before peak of LH) |
