Female Reproductive System

Front 1

Estrogen functons

Back 1

-stimulating bone ad muscle growth
-maintaining female secondary sex characteristics
-affecting CNS activity(especially in the hypothalamus)
-maintaing functional accessory reproductive glands and organs
-initiating the repair and growth of the endometrium

Front 2

3 functions of the ovaries

Back 2

-Secretion of female sex hormones(estrogen and progesterone)
-Production of immature female gamete
-secretion of inhibin:feedback control of FSH

Front 3

Stroma

Back 3

Anterior tissues of ovary:
superficial cortex
deeper medulla
gametes are produced in cortex

Front 4

Oogenesis

Back 4

also called ovum production
-begins before birth
-accelerates at puberty
-ends at menopause

Front 5

Ovarian Cycle

Back 5

-includes monthly oogeneisis and is between puberty and menopause

Front 6

Estrogen functons

Back 6

-stimulating bone ad muscle growth
-maintaining female secondary sex characteristics
-affecting CNS activity(especially in the hypothalamus)
-maintaing functional accessory reproductive glands and organs
-initiating the repair and growth of the endometrium

Front 7

3 functions of the ovaries

Back 7

-Secretion of female sex hormones(estrogen and progesterone)
-Production of immature female gamete
-secretion of inhibin:feedback control of FSH

Front 8

Stroma

Back 8

Anterior tissues of ovary:
superficial cortex
deeper medulla
gametes are produced in cortex

Front 9

Oogenesis

Back 9

also called ovum production
-begins before birth
-accelerates at puberty
-ends at menopause

Front 10

Ovarian Cycle

Back 10

-includes monthly oogeneisis and is between puberty and menopause

Front 11

Oogonia

Back 11

Female stem cells
complete mitotic division before birth

Front 12

Atresia

Back 12

-is the degeneration of primordial follicles: ovaries have about 2 million primordial follicles at birth: each containg a primary oocyte
By puberty: number drops to about 400,000

Front 13

Process of Oogenesis

Back 13

Primary oocytes remain in suspended development until puberty:
at puberty rising FSH hormones triggers start of ovarian cycle
Each month thereafter: some primary oocytes are stimulated to develope further

Front 14

Oogenesis: 2 characteristics of meiosis

Back 14

-Cytoplasm of primary oocyte divides uneavenly: producing 1 ovum and 2 or 3 polar bodies
-ovary release secondary oocyte which is suspended in metaphase of meiosisII not completed until fertilization

Front 15

Ovarian Follicles

Back 15

-specialized structures in cortex of ovaries where oocyte growth and meiosis I occurs

Front 16

Primary Oocyte

Back 16

Located in outer part of the ovarian cortex: near the tunica albuginea in clusters called egg nests

Front 17

Primordial Follicle

Back 17

each primary oocyte in a egg nest is surrounded by follicle cells
-primary oocyte and follicle cells form a primordial follicle

Front 18

The Ovarian Cycle

Back 18

Is divided into the
-Follicular phase(preovulatory phase)
-luteal phase(postovulatory phase)

Front 19

Step 1 of ovarian cycle

Back 19

formation of primary follicles-follicle cells become granulosa cells
Zona Pellucia- region surrounding the primary oocyte contains microvili and glyocoproteins
Thecal cells- surround follicle and work with granulosa cells to produce estrogen

Front 20

The ovarian cylce step 2

Back 20

formation of secondary follicles
-follicular fluid accumulates between inner and outer layer of follicles

Front 21

The ovarian cycle step 3

Back 21

-formation of tertiary(mature Graafian) follicle: primary oocyte produces secondary oocyte and polar body secondary oocyte drifts fee in atrium

Front 22

the ovarian cycle step 4

Back 22

at ovulation tertiary follicle release secondary oocyte what remains is called the corpus Hemmorrhagicum(bloody body)
it develops into the corpus luteum

Front 23

Step 5 ovarian cycle

Back 23

formation of the corpus leutum: produces steroid hormones progestins(progesterone) from cholesterol
-Progesterone prepares uterine lining for pregnancy

Front 24

step 6 ovarian cycle

Back 24

if fertalization does not occur:
corpus luteum: degenrates about 12 days after ovulation fills with scar tissue and becomes corpus albicans

Front 25

3 suspensory ligaments

Back 25

-uterosacral ligaments:extend from uterus to sacrum prefer inferior anterior movement
-round ligaments-extend though inguiinal canal end in connective tissues of external genitalia restrict posterior movement
-lateral ligamnets
extend from base of uterus and vagina to lateral walls of the pelvis prevent inferior movement

Front 26

The functional zone of the endometrium

Back 26

-conatins most of the uterine glands
-contributes most of endometrial thickness
-undergoes dramatic changes in thicknes and structure during menstral cycle

Front 27

The basiliar zone of the endometrium

Back 27

-attaches endometrium to myometrium
contains terminal branches of tubulaqr endometrial glands

Front 28

Blood supply of endometrium

Back 28

-Arcuate arteries-encircle endoemetrium
-Radial arteries:supply straight arteries (to basilar zone)
supply spiral arteries(to functional zone

Front 29

Menses
Menstration(process of endometrium sloughing)

Back 29

-is the degredation of the functional zone and occurs in patches
-is caused by constriction of spiral arteries: reduces blood flow,oxygen and nutrients
-Weakened arterial wall ruptures:releasing blood into the connective tissue of the functional zone
degenerating tissues break away, enter the uterine lumen
-Entire functional zone is lost:through cervical os and vagina

Front 30

The proliferative face(follicular phase)

Back 30

-Epithial cells of uterine glands multiply and spread across endometrial surface
-restore interaty of uterine epithelium
-Further growth and vascularization completely restores functional zone
occurs at same time as: enlargement of primary and secondary follicles in ovaries
-is stimulated aand sstained by:estrogen secreted by developing ovarian follicles